Krieger, Gerhard and Hajnsek, Irena and Papathanassiou, Konstantinos and Younis, Marwan and Moreira, Alberto (2010) Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Missions Employing Formation Flying. Proceedings of the IEEE, 98 (5), pp. 816-843. IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2009.2038948. ISSN 0018-9219.
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of single-pass interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) missions employing two or more satellites flying in a close formation. The simultaneous reception of the scattered radar echoes from different viewing directions by multiple spatially distributed antennas enables the acquisition of unique Earth observation products for environmental and climate monitoring. After a short introduction to the basic principles and applications of SAR interferometry, designs for the twin satellite missions TanDEM-X and Tandem-L are presented. Primary objective of TanDEM-X (TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurement) is the generation of a global Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with unprecedented accuracy as the basis for a wide range of scientific research, as well as for commercial DEM production. This goal is achieved by enhancing the TerraSAR-X mission with a second TerraSAR-X like satellite that will be launched in spring 2010. Both satellites act then as a large single-pass SAR interferometer with the opportunity for flexible baseline selection. Building upon the experience gathered with the TanDEM-X mission design, the fully polarimetric L-band twin satellite formation Tandem-L is proposed. Important objectives of this highly capable interferometric SAR mission are the global acquisition of 3-D forest structure and biomass inventories, large scale measurements of millimetric displacements due to tectonic shifts, and systematic observations of glacier movements. The sophisticated mission concept and the high data acquisition capacity of Tandem-L will moreover provide a unique data source to systematically observe, analyze and quantify the dynamics of a wide range of additional processes in the bio-, litho-, hydro- and cryosphere. By this, Tandem-L will be an essential step to advance our understanding of the Earth system and its intricate dynamics. Enabling technologies and techniques are described in detail and an outlook on future interferometric and tomographic concepts and developments, including multi-static SAR systems with multiple receivers, is provided.
Item URL in elib: | https://elib.dlr.de/61896/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Document Type: | Article | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Title: | Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Missions Employing Formation Flying | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Authors: |
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Date: | May 2010 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Proceedings of the IEEE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Refereed publication: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Open Access: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gold Open Access: | No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
In SCOPUS: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
In ISI Web of Science: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Volume: | 98 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
DOI: | 10.1109/JPROC.2009.2038948 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Page Range: | pp. 816-843 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Publisher: | IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
ISSN: | 0018-9219 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Status: | Published | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Keywords: | Earth Observation, Remote Sensing, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), Interferometry, Digital Beamforming, Formation Flying, Tandem-L, TanDEM-X, Polarimetric SAR Interferometry (PolInSAR), Tomography | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
HGF - Research field: | Aeronautics, Space and Transport (old) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
HGF - Program: | Space (old) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
HGF - Program Themes: | W EO - Erdbeobachtung | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
DLR - Research area: | Space | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
DLR - Program: | W EO - Erdbeobachtung | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
DLR - Research theme (Project): | W - Vorhaben Entwicklung eines Mini-SAR (old) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Location: | Oberpfaffenhofen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Institutes and Institutions: | Microwaves and Radar Institute > Radar Concepts Microwaves and Radar Institute | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposited By: | Krieger, Dr.-Ing. Gerhard | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposited On: | 28 Dec 2009 18:36 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Last Modified: | 31 Jul 2019 19:26 |
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