Onboard Processing for Data Volume Reduction in High-Resolution Wide-Swath SAR

Abstract

High-resolution wide-swath (HRWS) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems are very attractive for the observation of dynamic processes on the Earth’s surface, but they require downlink of a huge volume of data. In order to comply with azimuth ambiguity requirements, in fact, a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) much higher than the required processed Doppler bandwidth (PBW) is often desirable. The volume of downlinked data, however, can be drastically reduced by performing Doppler filtering and decimation on-board. A finite impulse response (FIR) filter with a relatively small number of taps suffices to suppress the additional ambiguous components and to recover the original impulse response. This strategy is of special relevance for staggered SAR systems, which are typically characterized by a high oversampling factor. The proposed data reduction technique is also baseline for Tandem-L, where on-board Doppler filtering, resampling, and decimation will be jointly implemented.