Potential of intramodal and cross-modal substitution in enhancing the resilience of air transport – Evidence from European airports

Abstract

Air transport is a crucial enabler of the modern global economy. Long-haul mobility of air passengers and transportation of high-value goods across international borders are solely dependent on it. Climate change affects air transport infrastructure and operations due to changing weather patterns and regional increase in some adverse conditions. The paper aims to examine the potential implementation of the substitution measure in relation to current air transport operations in key airports in Europe, United States and Asia. The results of the study can guide further improvements in enhancing the adaptive capacity of air transport in the face of climate change.