Thunderstorms: Thermodynamics and Organization

Abstract

Thunderstorm research is strongly motivated by the wish to reduce the harm they do to people and their property. Thunderstorms are a global phenomenon, although some areas in the mid-latitudes and tropics are particularly at risk. They form where and whenever the ingredients for their formation come together: instability, moisture and lift. Especially upon interaction with vertical wind shear, they may develop into well-organized systems that produce hazards such as large hail, severe winds, heavy precipitation, and tornadoes.