Implementing and testing a U-space system: lessons learnt

Abstract

Within the framework of the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, one of the main goals of the Labyrinth project, which ended on May 2023, was to develop and test the Conflict Management services of a U-space-based Unmanned Traffic Management (UTM) system. The U-space ConOps provides a high-level description of the architecture, requirements and functionalities of these systems, but the implementer has a certain degree of freedom in aspects like the techniques used or some policies and procedures. The current document describes some of those implementation decisions. The prototype included, at least in a basic version, part of the services defined by the ConOps, namely e-identification, Tracking, Geo-awareness, Drone Aeronautical Information Management, Geo-fence Provision, Operation Plan Preparation/Optimization, Operation Plan Processing, Strategic and Tactical Conflict Resolution, Emergency Management, Monitoring, Traffic Information and Legal Recording. Besides, a web app interface was developed for the operator/pilot. The system was tested in simulations and real visual line of sight (VLOS) and beyond VLOS (BVLOS) flights, with both vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) and fixed-wing platforms, while assisting final users interested in incorporating drones to support their daily tasks. The three-year experience developing and testing the environment provided many lessons at different levels: functionalities, compatibility, procedures, information, usability, ground control station (GCS) integration and aircrew roles during the mission.