Energy Consumption Comparison of Current Powertrain Options in Autonomous Heavy Duty Vehicles (HDV)

Abstract

This paper shows a simulative comparison of battery electric vehicle (BEV), fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) and internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) powertrains for heavy-duty commercial vehicles. Furthermore, these powertrains will be developed as a cabin model and as an autonomous vehicle model. A commercial vehicle cycle is selected, which can be divided into urban, regional and highway subareas. From this, a daily cycle is created, which consists of these subareas. The different parameters of each simulation model consist of vehicle masses, auxiliary loads and vehicle resistances. In the final results, an improvement in energy consumption of an autonomously driving, electrified powertrain compared to a cab model in the regional and highway area of up to 5.5% is possible. The powertrain comparison shows the greatest energy savings potential for electrified powertrains in urban areas.