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A High Latitude Model for the E Layer Dominated Ionosphere

Kamal, Sumon and Jakowski, Norbert and Hoque, Mohammed Mainul and Wickert, Jens (2021) A High Latitude Model for the E Layer Dominated Ionosphere. Remote Sensing, 13 (18), p. 3769. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). doi: 10.3390/rs13183769. ISSN 2072-4292.

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Official URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/18/3769

Abstract

Under certain conditions, the ionization of the E layer can dominate over that of the F2 layer. This phenomenon is called the E layer dominated ionosphere (ELDI) and occurs mainly in the auroral regions. In the present work, we model the variation of the ELDI for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Our proposed Neustrelitz ELDI Event Model (NEEM) is an empirical, climatological model that describes ELDI characteristics by means of four submodels for selected model observables, considering the dependencies on appropriate model drivers. The observables include the occurrence probability of ELDI events and typical E layer parameters that are important to describe the propagation medium for High Frequency (HF) radio waves. The model drivers are the geomagnetic latitude, local time, day of year, solar activity and the convection electric field. During our investigation, we found clear trends for the model observables depending on the drivers, which can be well represented by parametric functions. In this regard, the submodel NEEM-N characterizes the peak electron density NmE of the E layer, while the submodels NEEM-H and NEEM-W describe the corresponding peak height hmE and the vertical width wvE of the E layer electron density profile, respectively. Furthermore, the submodel NEEM-P specifies the ELDI occurrence probability %ELDI. The dataset underlying our studies contains more than two million vertical electron density profiles covering a period of almost 13 years. These profiles were derived from ionospheric GPS radio occultation observations on board the six COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 satellites (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate/Formosa Satellite Mission 3). We divided the dataset into a modeling dataset for determining the model coefficients and a test dataset for subsequent model validation. The normalized root mean square deviation (NRMS) between the original and the predicted model observables yields similar values across both datasets and both hemispheres. For NEEM-N, we obtain an NRMS varying between 36.1% and 47.1% and for NEEM-H, between 6.1% and 6.3%. In the case of NEEM-W, the NRMS varies between 38.5% and 41.1%, while it varies between 56.5% and 60.3% for NEEM-P. In summary, the proposed NEEM utilizes primary relationships with geophysical and solar wind observables, which are useful for describing ELDI occurrences and the associated changes of the E layer properties. In this manner, the NEEM paves the way for future prediction of the ELDI and of its characteristics in technical applications, especially from the fields of telecommunications and navigation.

Item URL in elib:https://elib.dlr.de/145550/
Document Type:Article
Title:A High Latitude Model for the E Layer Dominated Ionosphere
Authors:
AuthorsInstitution or Email of AuthorsAuthor's ORCID iD
Kamal, SumonUNSPECIFIEDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6756-9803
Jakowski, NorbertUNSPECIFIEDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3174-2624
Hoque, Mohammed MainulUNSPECIFIEDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5134-4901
Wickert, JensGeoForschungsZentrum Potsdamhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-5276
Date:2021
Journal or Publication Title:Remote Sensing
Refereed publication:Yes
Open Access:Yes
Gold Open Access:Yes
In SCOPUS:Yes
In ISI Web of Science:Yes
Volume:13
DOI:10.3390/rs13183769
Page Range:p. 3769
Publisher:Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Series Name:Radio Occultations for Numerical Weather Prediction, Ionosphere, and Space Weather
ISSN:2072-4292
Status:Published
Keywords:ionosphere modeling; E layer; polar ionosphere; radio science; GPS radio occultation; space weather; particle precipitation
HGF - Research field:Aeronautics, Space and Transport
HGF - Program:Space
HGF - Program Themes:Earth Observation
DLR - Research area:Raumfahrt
DLR - Program:R EO - Earth Observation
DLR - Research theme (Project):R - Solar-Terrestrial Physics SO, R - Ionosphere
Location: Neustrelitz
Institutes and Institutions:Institute for Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Institute for Solar-Terrestrial Physics > Space Weather Observation
Deposited By: Kamal, Sumon
Deposited On:15 Nov 2021 11:52
Last Modified:15 Nov 2021 11:52

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