Case studies of new urban planning policy: effects of redesigning and redistributing public space in Europe

Abstract

Most European cities experienced a long history of car-oriented city planning. In recent years, an increasing number of projects aim to shift the planning paradigm towards active mobility and livable urban areas. In this contribution, we examine eight European case studies that aim to design more livable cities and promote active mobility. We compare these projects with respect to the planning and implementation process and involved stakeholders. Furthermore, various quantitative indicators are used to study the effects on mobility behavior and transport, livability, local economies and neighboring areas. In addition, we examine whether the projects are in line with sustainable urban development goals and embedded in local or regional strategies. For this, we develop a comparison scheme and collect diverse data for each case study. We conclude that most projects require a long-term planning process and considerable communication effort alongside participation tools for citizens and stakeholders in order to be successful. When reducing the area consumed by motorized transport, contrasting views are observed. After controversial implementation processes, stakeholders often value the changes rather positive.