Solar energy - Concentrating Solar Power

Abstract

Concentrating solar power (CSP) is a complementary technology to the solar photovoltaic (PV) process. It uses concentrating collectors to provide high temperature heat to a conventional power cycle. Efficient and low-cost thermal energy storage technologies can be integrated into CSP systems, allowing electricity production according to the demand profile. CSP systems can also avoid “shadow plant capacity” needed to secure generation capacity in periods without sunshine or wind, can provide grid services, and if desired even black start capabilities. It thus supports the penetration of a high share of intermittent renewable sources like wind or PV and avoids a high share of expensive electric storage technology in the grid systems. The first commercial implementation of CSP technology began in 2007 in Spain and the US. Today, a capacity of 3 GW is in operation and another 2 GW are under construction worldwide. Further developments, in particular in the Middle East and North Africa but also in South Africa, India and China, are under consideration.. This chapter summarizes the principle, the technical requirements and the different technological concepts of CSP systems. It briefly reports on the state of the art of today’s solar power plants including the current cost of solar electricity. In addition, the most relevant aspects for future cost reductions are highlighted. Furthermore, the worldwide potential impact of this technology, to 2050, is discussed, together with comments on the option of high voltage direct current transmission allowing electricity to be transported from countries in the sunbelt to densely populated areas in developed countries. Finally, the option the production of solar fuel in solar high temperature processes is discussed.