LNG as an alternative fuel for the operation of ships and heavy-duty vehicles

Abstract

The transport sector is characterised by distinct rises in energy consumption both throughout Europe and globally. In addition to its dependency on limited fossil resources (e.g. mineral oil), the transport sector is further recognised as a key contributor to the anthropogenic greenhouse effect. On a global scale, transport is responsible for about 22% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In Germany, the contribution of road transport to overall greenhouse gas emissions ranges between 17% and 20%. A successful introduction of renewable energies in combination with a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the sectors ship and road transport is associated with a number of special challenges. These include calls for innovations in propulsion technology, infrastructure solutions as well as primary energy diversification. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) presents an alternative for simultaneous application with fossil fuels derived from crude oil (e.g. diesel), with a special focus on means of transport that require an extended operating range or a demand for high performance output. For these reasons, the present study investigates technological components relevant for LNG supply and infrastructure including associated environmental impacts. In a second step, the study explores possible scenarios for the introduction of focal modes of transport: maritime transport, inland naviga-tion and heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). These scenarios include estimates on resulting future LNG de-mand followed by calculations of local emissions and greenhouse gases. Furthermore, recommenda-tions for action regarding a potential LNG development plan are derived from the findings. However, the present study does not attempt in-depth cost analyses.