Kitzmann, D and Patzer, B and Rauer, H (2013) Clouds in the atmospheres of extrasolar planets. IV. On the scattering greenhouse effect of CO2 ice particles: Numerical radiative transfer studies. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 557, A6. EDP Sciences. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201220025. ISSN 0004-6361.
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Abstract
Context. Owing to their wavelength-dependent absorption and scattering properties, clouds have a strong impact on the climate of planetary atmospheres. The potential greenhouse effect of CO2 ice clouds in the atmospheres of terrestrial extrasolar planets is of particular interest because it might influence the position and thus the extension of the outer boundary of the classic habitable zone around main sequence stars. Such a greenhouse effect, however, is a complicated function of the CO2 ice particles’ optical properties. Aims. We study the radiative effects of CO2 ice particles obtained by different numerical treatments to solve the radiative transfer equation. To determine the effectiveness of the scattering greenhouse effect caused by CO2 ice clouds, the radiative transfer calculations are performed over the relevant wide range of particle sizes and optical depths, employing different numerical methods. Methods. We used Mie theory to calculate the optical properties of particle polydispersion. The radiative transfer calculations were done with a high-order discrete ordinate method (DISORT). Two-stream radiative transfer methods were used for comparison with previous studies. Results. The comparison between the results of a high-order discrete ordinate method and simpler two-stream approaches reveals large deviations in terms of a potential scattering efficiency of the greenhouse effect. The two-stream methods overestimate the transmitted and reflected radiation, thereby yielding a higher scattering greenhouse effect. For the particular case of a cool M-type dwarf, the CO2 ice particles show no strong effective scattering greenhouse effect by using the high-order discrete ordinate method, whereas a positive net greenhouse effect was found for the two-stream radiative transfer schemes. As a result, previous studies of the effects of CO2 ice clouds using two-stream approximations overrated the atmospheric warming caused by the scattering greenhouse effect. Consequently, the scattering greenhouse effect of CO2 ice particles seems to be less effective than previously estimated. In general, higher order radiative transfer methods are needed to describe the effects of CO2 ice clouds accurately as indicated by our numerical radiative transfer studies.
Item URL in elib: | https://elib.dlr.de/84179/ | ||||||||||||||||
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Document Type: | Article | ||||||||||||||||
Title: | Clouds in the atmospheres of extrasolar planets. IV. On the scattering greenhouse effect of CO2 ice particles: Numerical radiative transfer studies | ||||||||||||||||
Authors: |
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Date: | 2013 | ||||||||||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Astronomy & Astrophysics | ||||||||||||||||
Refereed publication: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
Open Access: | No | ||||||||||||||||
Gold Open Access: | No | ||||||||||||||||
In SCOPUS: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
In ISI Web of Science: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
Volume: | 557 | ||||||||||||||||
DOI: | 10.1051/0004-6361/201220025 | ||||||||||||||||
Page Range: | A6 | ||||||||||||||||
Publisher: | EDP Sciences | ||||||||||||||||
ISSN: | 0004-6361 | ||||||||||||||||
Status: | Published | ||||||||||||||||
Keywords: | clouds, atmospheres, modeling, CO2 ice, radiative transfer, greenhouse effect | ||||||||||||||||
HGF - Research field: | Aeronautics, Space and Transport | ||||||||||||||||
HGF - Program: | Space | ||||||||||||||||
HGF - Program Themes: | Space Exploration | ||||||||||||||||
DLR - Research area: | Raumfahrt | ||||||||||||||||
DLR - Program: | R EW - Space Exploration | ||||||||||||||||
DLR - Research theme (Project): | R - Projekt COROT Beteiligung (old) | ||||||||||||||||
Location: | Berlin-Adlershof | ||||||||||||||||
Institutes and Institutions: | Institute of Planetary Research > Extrasolar Planets and Atmospheres | ||||||||||||||||
Deposited By: | Stiebeler, Ulrike | ||||||||||||||||
Deposited On: | 18 Sep 2013 08:42 | ||||||||||||||||
Last Modified: | 23 Aug 2016 09:49 |
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