Initiation of deep convection at marginal instability in an ensemble of mesoscalemodels: a case-study from COPS

Abstract

The present study investigates the initiation of precipitating deep convection in an ensemble of convection-resolving mesoscalemodels. Results of eight differentmodel runs from five non-hydrostatic models are compared for a case of the Convective andOrographically-induced Precipitation Study (COPS).An isolated convective cell initiated east of the Black Forest crest in southwest Germany, although convective available potential energy was only moderate and convective inhibition was high. Measurements revealed that, due to the absence of synoptic forcing, convection was initiated by local processes related to the orography. In particular, the lifting by low-level convergence in the planetary boundary layer is assumed to be the dominant process on that day. The models used different configurations as well as different initial and boundary conditions.By comparing the different model performance with each other and with measurements, the processes which need to be well represented to initiate convection at the right place and time are discussed. Besides an accurate specification of the thermodynamic and kinematic fields, the results highlight the role of boundary-layer convergence features for quantitative precipitation forecasts in mountainous terrain.