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Infrared radiative transfer in atmospheres of Earth-like planets around F, G, K, and M stars - I. Clear-sky thermal emission spectra and weighting functions

Vasquez, Mayte und Schreier, Franz und Gimeno Garcia, Sebastian und Kitzmann, Daniel und Patzer, Beate und Rauer, Heike und Trautmann, Thomas (2013) Infrared radiative transfer in atmospheres of Earth-like planets around F, G, K, and M stars - I. Clear-sky thermal emission spectra and weighting functions. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 549 (A26), Seiten 1-13. EDP Sciences. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201219898. ISSN 0004-6361.

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Context. The atmosphere of Earth-like extrasolar planets orbiting different types of stars is influenced by the spectral dependence of the incoming stellar radiation. The changes in structure and composition affect atmospheric radiation, hence the spectral appearance of these exoplanets. Aims. We provide a thorough investigation of infrared radiative transfer in cloud-free exoplanets atmospheres by not only analyzing the planetary spectral appearance but also discussing the radiative processes behind the spectral features in detail and identifying the regions in the atmosphere that contribute most at a given wavelength. Methods. Using cloud-free scenarios provided by a one-dimensional radiative-convective steady-state atmospheric model, we computed high-resolution infrared transmission and emission spectra, as well as weighting functions for exoplanets located within the habitable zone of F, G, K, and M stars by means of a line-by-line molecular absorption model and a Schwarzschild solver for the radiative transfer. The monochromatic spectra were convolved with appropriate spectral response functions to study the effects of finite instrument resolution. Results. Spectra of the exoplanets of F, G, K, and M stars were analyzed in the 4.5   μm N2O band, the 4.3   μm and 15   μm CO2 bands, the 7.7   μm CH4 band, the 6.3   μm H2O band, and the 9.6   μm O3 band. Differences in the state of the atmosphere of the exoplanets clearly show up in the thermal infrared spectra; absorption signatures known from Earth can be transformed to emission features (and vice versa). Weighting functions show that radiation in the absorption bands of the uniformly mixed gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) and (to some extent) ozone comes from the stratosphere and upper troposphere, and also indicate that changes in the atmospheres can shift sources of thermal radiation to lower or higher altitudes. Molecular absorption and/or emission features can be identified in the high-resolution spectra of all planets and in most reduced resolution spectra. Conclusions. Insight into radiative transfer processes is essential for analyzing exoplanet spectral observations; for instance, understanding the impact of the temperature profile (nb. non-existence of an inversion) on the CO2 bands facilitates their interpretation and can help avoid false positive or negative estimates of O3. The detailed analysis of the radiation source and sink regions could even help give an indication about the feasibility of identifying molecular signatures in cloud-covered planets, i.e. radiation mainly coming from the upper atmosphere is less likely to be hidden by clouds. Infrared radiative transfer and biomarker detectability in cloud-covered exoplanets will be presented in a companion paper.

elib-URL des Eintrags:https://elib.dlr.de/79791/
Dokumentart:Zeitschriftenbeitrag
Titel:Infrared radiative transfer in atmospheres of Earth-like planets around F, G, K, and M stars - I. Clear-sky thermal emission spectra and weighting functions
Autoren:
AutorenInstitution oder E-Mail-AdresseAutoren-ORCID-iDORCID Put Code
Vasquez, MayteNICHT SPEZIFIZIERTNICHT SPEZIFIZIERTNICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Schreier, FranzNICHT SPEZIFIZIERTNICHT SPEZIFIZIERTNICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Gimeno Garcia, SebastianNICHT SPEZIFIZIERTNICHT SPEZIFIZIERTNICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Kitzmann, DanielTU BerlinNICHT SPEZIFIZIERTNICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Patzer, BeateTU BerlinNICHT SPEZIFIZIERTNICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Rauer, HeikeNICHT SPEZIFIZIERTNICHT SPEZIFIZIERTNICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Trautmann, ThomasNICHT SPEZIFIZIERTNICHT SPEZIFIZIERTNICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Datum:Januar 2013
Erschienen in:Astronomy and Astrophysics
Referierte Publikation:Ja
Open Access:Ja
Gold Open Access:Nein
In SCOPUS:Ja
In ISI Web of Science:Ja
Band:549
DOI:10.1051/0004-6361/201219898
Seitenbereich:Seiten 1-13
Verlag:EDP Sciences
ISSN:0004-6361
Status:veröffentlicht
Stichwörter:radiative transfer / techniques: spectroscopic / planets and satellites: atmospheres / infrared: planetary systems
HGF - Forschungsbereich:Luftfahrt, Raumfahrt und Verkehr
HGF - Programm:Raumfahrt
HGF - Programmthema:Erdbeobachtung
DLR - Schwerpunkt:Raumfahrt
DLR - Forschungsgebiet:R EO - Erdbeobachtung
DLR - Teilgebiet (Projekt, Vorhaben):R - Vorhaben Entwicklung von Atmosphärenprozessoren (alt)
Standort: Berlin-Adlershof , Oberpfaffenhofen
Institute & Einrichtungen:Institut für Methodik der Fernerkundung > Atmosphärenprozessoren
Institut für Planetenforschung > Extrasolare Planeten und Atmosphären
Hinterlegt von: Schreier, Dr.rer.nat. Franz
Hinterlegt am:18 Dez 2012 07:44
Letzte Änderung:07 Nov 2023 08:12

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