Doyle, James D. and Grubišić, Vanda and Brown, William O. J. and De Wekker, Stephan F. J. and Dörnbrack, Andreas and Weissmann, Martin and Jiang, Qingfang and Mayor, Shane D. (2009) Observations and Numerical Simulations of Subrotor Vortices during T-REX. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 66 (5), pp. 1229-1249. American Meteorological Society. doi: 10.1175/2008JAS2933.1.
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Official URL: http://ams.allenpress.com/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1175%2F2008JAS2933.1
Abstract
High-resolution observations from scanning Doppler and aerosol lidars, wind profiler radars, as well as surface and aircraft measurements during the Terrain-induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX) provide the first comprehensive documentation of small-scale intense vortices associated with atmospheric rotors that form in the lee of mountainous terrain. Although rotors are already recognized as potential hazards for aircraft, it is proposed that these small-scale vortices, or subrotors, are the most dangerous features because of strong wind shear and the transient nature of the vortices. A life cycle of a subrotor event is captured by scanning Doppler and aerosol lidars over a 5-min period. The lidars depict an amplifying vortex, with a characteristic length scale of ∼500–1000 m, that overturns and intensifies to a maximum spanwise vorticity greater than 0.2 s−1. Radar wind profiler observations document a series of vortices, characterized by updraft/downdraft couplets and regions of enhanced reversed flow, that are generated in a layer of strong vertical wind shear and subcritical Richardson number. The observations and numerical simulations reveal that turbulent subrotors occur most frequently along the leading edge of an elevated sheet of horizontal vorticity that is a manifestation of boundary layer shear and separation along the lee slopes. As the subrotors break from the vortex sheet, intensification occurs through vortex stretching and in some cases tilting processes related to three-dimensional turbulent mixing. The subrotors and ambient vortex sheet are shown to intensify through a modest increase in the upstream inversion strength, which illustrates the predictability challenges for the turbulent characterization of rotors.
Item URL in elib: | https://elib.dlr.de/59715/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Document Type: | Article | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Title: | Observations and Numerical Simulations of Subrotor Vortices during T-REX | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Authors: |
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Date: | 2009 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Refereed publication: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Open Access: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gold Open Access: | No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In SCOPUS: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In ISI Web of Science: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Volume: | 66 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DOI: | 10.1175/2008JAS2933.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Page Range: | pp. 1229-1249 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Publisher: | American Meteorological Society | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Status: | Published | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Keywords: | rotor, subrotor, downslope wind, lidar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HGF - Research field: | Aeronautics, Space and Transport | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HGF - Program: | other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HGF - Program Themes: | other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DLR - Research area: | Aeronautics | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DLR - Program: | L - no assignment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DLR - Research theme (Project): | L - no assignment (old) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Location: | Oberpfaffenhofen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Institutes and Institutions: | Institute of Atmospheric Physics > Lidar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposited By: | Weissmann, Martin | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposited On: | 27 Aug 2009 14:48 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Last Modified: | 06 Sep 2019 15:27 |
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