Density and excess volumes of liquid copper, cobalt, iron and their binary and ternary alloys

Abstract

The densities of liquid copper, cobalt, and iron, their binary and ternary alloys have been measured over a temperature range including the undercooled regime. A non-contact technique was used, consisting of electromagnetic levitation combined with optical dilatometry. For all samples, the density was a linear function of temperature. The concentration dependence was studied by means of the excess volume which was negligible for Co-Fe and positive for Cu-Fe, Cu-Co, and Cu-Co-Fe. The density of the ternary alloy could be predicted from the excess volumes of the binary phases without the need to introduce any ternary interactions.