GLOBAL AND COUNTRY INVENTORY OF ROAD PASSENGER AND FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION, THEIR FUEL CONSUMPTION AND THEIR EMISSIONS OF AIR POLLUTANTS IN THE YEAR 2000

Abstract

Emission inventories are needed to determine the impact of different sectors and trace species on environment and health. Here we present for the first time a highly differentiated emission inventory for passenger and freight transportation worldwide. Our bottom-up country by country calculation agrees to 5% with global fuel sales. We confirm and differentiate previous emission estimates and give inter-model variability for the first time. Road transportation emits about 4180 (±426) 10^6 tons carbon dioxide, 103 (±30) 10^6 tons car-bon monoxide, 14 (±3) 10^6 tons non-methanous volatile organic compounds, 0,7 (±0,2) 10^6 tons methane, 27 (±6) 10^6 tons nitrogen oxides, 1,15 (±0,5) 10^6 tons primary particulate matter from diesel fueled vehicles and 1,7 (±0,6) 10^6 tons sulphur dioxide worldwide in the year 2000. Passenger transportation is responsible for two-thirds of the total emissions of carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds, while freight transportation accounts for about 60% of total nitrous oxides and primary particulates. Asia and the Middle East together account for less than one fifth of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, but about one third of global exhaust pollutant emissions, as much as road transportation in the USA alone. To reduce emissions from the fleet, super-emitters should be targeted. For new vehicles higher fuel efficiency and lower exhaust emissions are obvious requests. For developing countries this requires improvements in the fuel quality.