ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR HYBRID ELECTRIC AIRCRAFT POWERTRAINS: A CROSS-DOMAIN REVIEW, GAP ANALYSIS, AND ADAPTATION ROADMAP

Kurzfassung

Hybrid-electric and fuel cell-based aircraft propulsion requires energy management strategies (EMS) to distribute power among heterogeneous sources while satisfying state, thermal, operational, and safety constraints. Although EMS methods are well established for ground vehicles and increasingly studied for uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs), urban air mobility (UAM), maritime, and aircraft applications; their transferability to certifiable aircraft propulsion has not been systematically assessed. This paper presents a structured cross-domain review of 35 studies spanning ground vehicles, rail, maritime, UAVs, UAM, electric vertical take-off and landing platforms, and aircraft. Ten EMS method families are classified and compared using five dimensions. A total of 20 research gaps are identified and mapped to an adaptation roadmap towards deterministic, redundant, and certification-oriented aircraft EMS.