SAE level 3 Autonomous driving in urban setting using cognitive architecture

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Kurzfassung

The increasing prevalence of automation in the automotive domain necessitates a deeper understanding of these novel human-machine interactions. While SAE level 1 and 2 automation include driving assistance systems, SAE level 3 automation fully drives the vehicle and features the human driver as the fallback. This introduces new tasks such as understanding the automation's capabilities and building situation awareness after previously not paying attention. In order to seamlessly integrate human factors into the design process, it is important to incorporate them in the early design phases. To this end virtual testers can be deployed to interact with early iterations of the model, and allow for a running large quantities of simulations using a large variety of driving styles. This study investigated human performance of 22 participants and a virtual driver model based on the cognitive architecture CASCaS when activating automation takeovers within a driving simulator. The scenario features construction sites blocking the lane, thus requiring a takeover using the lane for the oncoming traffic. The automation can plan and follow the trajectory but relies on the driver to find a gap in the oncoming traffic and initiate the automated takeover maneuver at an opportune time.

Results revealed an increase in error rate with increasing construction site length by human participants, coupled with limited improvement in gap choice and timing over the course of the experiment. Notably, human participants' performance otherwise mirrored that of the virtual driver and the different driving styles could easily be reproduced through changed parameters. These findings highlight the challenges of accurately predicting human behavior in automated driving systems and underscore the potential of virtual driver models like CASCaS for evaluating and adapting to diverse driving styles during the early design phases of Level 3 automation.

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• SAE level 3 Autonomous driving in urban setting using cognitive architecture. (deposited 10 Mär 2026 11:25) [Gegenwärtig angezeigt]