Feasibility Assessment of Methanol as an Alternative Maritime Fuel

Abstract

This study evaluates methanol's feasibility as an alternative marine fuel, analyzing its technical, environmental, and economic aspects compared to conventional fuels. With growing regulatory pressure to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, methanol is emerging as a viable option due to its lower CO2, NOx, SOx, and particulate matter emissions. Its compatibility with existing marine engines and storage infrastructure further enhances its potential for adoption. A comparative assessment examines methanol’s energy density, storage and handling requirements, lifecycle emissions, and cost implications. While methanol reduces emissions, challenges such as lower energy density, additional safety requirements due to its low flashpoint, and reliance on fossil-based production limit its environmental performance. However, the transition to bio-methanol and e-methanol could enhance its sustainability. Economic analysis indicates that methanol’s viability depends on fuel pricing trends, infrastructure investments, and regulatory incentives. Although methanol presents a promising pathway for maritime decarbonization, large-scale adoption requires advancements in renewable production, improved cost competitiveness, and supportive policy frameworks. This study provides insights for industry stakeholders navigating the transition to low-carbon shipping fuels