Information freshness and data relevance in modern random Access protocols for IoT remote source monitoring

Abstract

Real-Time Communication (RTC) have become an integral part of modern networked systems, where timely and accurate data transmission is crucial. The Age of Information (AoI) has emerged as a key metric for assessing information freshness, particularly in applications such as the Internet of Things (IoT), and autonomous systems. Unlike conventional metrics such as delay and throughput, AoI provides a direct measure of the time elapsed since the most recent successful update, making it a critical tool for optimizing network performance. This thesis investigates the impact of random-access mechanisms on AoI, focusing on Gated Access and Free Access protocols. It examines how factors such as contention, pre-emption, and system load influence AoI across finite and infinite user scenarios. Through statistical modeling and comparative analysis, key performance trends are identified, providing insight into the trade-offs between controlled and open access strategies. The findings offer valuable guidance for designing efficient communication systems where maintaining up-to-date information is essential.