A Digital Twin Architecture for Operating a Large Satellite Constellation

Abstract

Operating large satellite constellations in low Earth orbit is challenging, especially with the increasing number of satellites and space debris. In this context, digital twins, digital models synchronized with physical assets, have the potential for cost-effective and sustainable constellation management. Digital twins, widely used in industries like aviation, can simulate scenarios, predict maintenance needs, detect faults, and enable autonomous operations. For satellite constellations, digital twins could manage tasks across various phases, from launch and early orbit (LEOP) to routine operations and end-of-life. Initially, operations may be manual, but as data and experience grow, digital twins can take on a greater role. The paper proposes an architecture for integrating digital twins into ground control systems without altering existing setups, enabling retrofitting to current missions. It introduces a testing approach using an operational simulator before deployment.