SOURCE FFR - UFP-Belastungsstudie Bestimmung der UFP-Emissionen: AP1-Bericht

Abstract

The exposure study SOURCE FFR measurements · modelling on ultrafine particles (UFP) in the RhineMain area was launched on April 1, 2023 with a current duration of 42 months. This document on work package 1 (AP1) of the study describes all the work carried out as part of the study to obtain emission data from all relevant sources in the study area. Information on air pollutant emissions can generally be determined either on the basis of literature data for well-characterized sources (e.g. from scientific publications or directly from emission inventories) or with the help of measurements for less wellcharacterized sources. These emission data are important input parameters for the following atmospheric dispersion modelling, which can thus realistically calculate the UFP immissions and their temporal variation at all points of the study area in the selected time periods. Such modelling on the small-scale requires a local emission inventory in which activity data with higher spatial resolution are combined with emission factors of individual pollutants in detailed emission algorithms. Within the framework of SOURCE FFR measurements - modelling, the emission sources of industry, small businesses, domestic heating and small consumers, motor vehicle traffic, shipping traffic, rail traffic, air traffic at Frankfurt Airport, ground emissions from Frankfurt Airport, small airfields, agriculture and forests are considered. Depending on the source, different literature data on emission factors and activities were used. One of the main problems in obtaining number-based UFP emissions is that they have to be calculated for individual source types on the basis of other particle properties, such as particle mass, using a typical particle size distribution. In the context of this study, the results of the EU project RI-URBANS and its predecessor projects were primarily used. These represent the current state of the art and use the knowledge from several dozen scientific publications. Aircraft emissions were already identified as one of the largest, but unfortunately less well characterized UFP sources during the creation of the SOURCE FFR measurements - modelling study design. Accordingly, two emission measurement campaigns were conducted at Frankfurt Airport in September/October 2023 and March/April 2024. Successful measurements of non-volatile and all particles (particle number, particle size distribution and soot) as well as trace gases (CO2 and NOx) were carried out with two measuring vehicles at four locations in the A-Hof, in the east of the center- and southern runway, on the apron in front of Terminal 2 and behind the blastwall on Runway West. Temporally isolated exhaust plumes were then assigned to the corresponding aircraft and analysed using the established DCO2 approach. This evaluation provides engine type-specific particle emission indices for the engine state “Idle” and a “transient” engine state at the beginning of the take-off process (engine start-up). These measured values are used in the upcoming dispersion modelling. An important project milestone has been reached with this AP1 report. The first dispersion model run for 2019 has been started. All three planned model runs (for the years 2019 with literature data only, 2019 with literature and measurement data and 2024 with literature and measurement data) should be completed by fall 2025.