Concept and Analysis of a Passive, Ballistic Re-entry Capsule for Sample Return Missions

Abstract

This Master's thesis presents the concept and analysis of a passive, ballistic re-entry capsule for the return of collected samples. The proposed capsule is designed to transport approximately one litre of material without relying on active systems during entry, descent, and landing. The study evaluates various system configurations, including structural design, thermal protection, and impact dynamics, with particular emphasis on minimizing shocks to the sample container. A literature review of existing and planned sample return missions, along with potential design options, provides context for the conceptual design process. Numerical analyses are used to investigate possible re-entry trajectories and quantify the resulting mechanical and thermal loads. Based on these results, a thermal analysis estimates the necessary heat shield requirements, while structural simulations assess the capsule's integrity during re-entry. An impact analysis based on LS-DYNA determines the required dimensions of the energy-absorbing material to ensure sufficient shock attenuation during landing. The findings confirm the feasibility of the passive capsule concept and identify its operational limits. This work offers a foundation for future design iterations and positions the concept as a promising candidate for a reliable, lightweight, and versatile capsule for sample return missions.