A Comparative Study of Mesh Methods, Particle Methods and Analytical Models for Multi-Rotor Noise Generation

Abstract

Regional and Urban Air Mobility (RAM/UAM) is rapidly emerging as an intriguing option for future air transportation, with multi-rotor configurations playing a key role. However, a comprehensive exploration of the acoustic impact of these technologies is still lacking, despite its critical importance for operation in densely populated areas. Understanding and mitigating noise emissions from these systems is crucial for public acceptance and regulatory approval. This study aims to deepen our knowledge about the sound emissions generated by UAM open rotor configurations, focusing on a comparative analysis of three approaches: mesh-based methods (Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes), particle-based methods (Vortex Particle Method), and analytical modelling (Blade Element Momentum Theory). By evaluating these methods in terms of their accuracy, computational efficiency, and ability to capture key noise generation mechanisms, this research seeks to provide a clearer picture of their respective strengths and limitations.