Unveiling the internal structure and formation history of the three planets transiting HIP 29442 (TOI-469) with CHEOPS

Egger, J. A. and Osborn, H. P. and Kubyshkina, D. and Mordasini, C. and Alibert, Y. and Günther, M. N. and Lendl, M. and Brandeker, A. and Heitzmann, A. and Leleu, A. and Damasso, M. and Bonfanti, A. and Wilson, T. G. and Sousa, S. G. and Haldemann, J. and Delrez, L. and Hooton, M. J. and Zingales, T. and Luque, R. and Alonso Sobrino, R. and Asquier, J. and Bàrczy, T. and Navascues, D. Barrado and Barros, S. C. C. and Baumjohann, W. and Benz, W. and Billot, N. and Borsato, L. and Broeg, C. and Buder, M. and Castro-González, A. and Cameron, A. Collier and Correia, A. C. M. and Cortes, D. and Csizmadia, Sz. and Cubillos, P. E. and Davies, M. B. and Deleuil, M. and Deline, A. and Demangeon, O. D. S. and Demory, B. -O. and Derekas, A. and Edwards, B. and Ehrenreich, D. and Erikson, A. and Fortier, A. and Fossati, L. and Fridlund, M. and Gandolfi, D. and Gazeas, K. and Gillon, M. and Güdel, M. and Helling, Ch. and Isaak, K. G. and Kiss, L. L. and Korth, J. and Lam, K. W. F. and Laskar, J. and Lavie, B. and Lecavelier des Etangs, A. and Lovis, C. and Luntzer, A. and Magrin, D. and Maxted, P. F. L. and Merin, B. and Munari, M. and Nascimbeni, V. and Olofsson, G. and Ottensamer, R. and Pagano, I. and Palle, E. and Peter, G. and Piazza, D. and Piotto, G. and Pollacco, D. and Queloz, D. and Ragazzoni, R. and Rando, N. and Rauer, H. and Ribas, I. and Rodrigues, J. and Santos, N. C. and Scandariato, G. and Ségransan, D. and Simon, A. E. and Smith, A. M. S. and Stalport, M. and Sulis, S. and Szabó, Gy. M. and Udry, S. and Van Grootel, V. and Venturini, J. and Villaver, E. and Walton, N. A. (2024) Unveiling the internal structure and formation history of the three planets transiting HIP 29442 (TOI-469) with CHEOPS. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 688, A223. EDP Sciences. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202450472. ISSN 0004-6361.

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Abstract

Multiplanetary systems spanning the radius valley are ideal testing grounds for exploring the different proposed explanations for the observed bimodality in the radius distribution of close-in exoplanets. One such system is HIP 29442 (TOI-469), an evolved K0V star hosting two super-Earths and one sub-Neptune. We observed HIP 29442 with CHEOPS for a total of 9.6 days, which we modelled jointly with two sectors of TESS data to derive planetary radii of 3.410 ± 0.046, 1.551 ± 0.045, and 1.538 ± 0.049 R⊕ for planets b, c, and d, which orbit HIP 29442 with periods of 13.6, 3.5, and 6.4 days, respectively. For planet d this value deviates by more than 3σ from the median value reported in the discovery paper, leading us to conclude that caution is required when using TESS photometry to determine the radii of small planets with low per-transit signal-to-noise ratios and large gaps between observations. Given the high precision of these new radii, combining them with published RVs from ESPRESSO and HIRES provides us with ideal conditions to investigate the internal structure and formation pathways of the planets in the system. We introduced the publicly available code plaNETic, a fast and robust neural network-based Bayesian internal structure modelling framework. We then applied hydrodynamic models to explore the upper atmospheric properties of these inferred structures. Finally, we identified planetary system analogues in a synthetic population generated with the Bern model for planet formation and evolution. Based on this analysis, we find that the planets likely formed on opposing sides of the water iceline from a protoplanetary disk with an intermediate solid mass. We finally report that the observed parameters of the HIP 29442 system are compatible with a scenario where the second peak in the bimodal radius distribution corresponds to sub-Neptunes with a pure H/He envelope and with a scenario with water-rich sub-Neptunes.

Item URL in elib:

https://elib.dlr.de/210713/

Document Type:

Article

Title:

Unveiling the internal structure and formation history of the three planets transiting HIP 29442 (TOI-469) with CHEOPS

Authors:

Authors	Institution or Email of Authors	Author's ORCID iD	ORCID Put Code
Egger, J. A.	Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Osborn, H. P.	Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Kubyshkina, D.	Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Mordasini, C.	Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Alibert, Y.	Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Günther, M. N.	European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Lendl, M.	Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, Chemin Pegasi, 51, 1290, Versoix, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Brandeker, A.	Department of Astronomy , Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Heitzmann, A.	Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Chemin Pegasi 51, 1290, Versoix, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Leleu, A.	Observatoire Astronomique de l’Université de Genève, CheminPegasi 51, Versoix, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Damasso, M.	INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20,10025 Pino Torinese, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Bonfanti, A.	Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Wilson, T. G.	Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Sousa, S. G.	Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762, Porto, Portugal	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Haldemann, J.	Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Gesellsschaftstrasse 6,3012 Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Delrez, L.	Institut d Astrophysique et de Geophysique, Universite de Liege, Allee du 6 Aout, 17, Bat. B5C, Liege 1, Belgium	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Hooton, M. J.	Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Zingales, T.	Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Galileo Galilei", Universita degli Studi di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 3, 35122, Padova, Italy; INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122, Padova, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Luque, R.	Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Alonso Sobrino, R.	Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Asquier, J.	ESTEC, European Space Agency, 2201AZ, Noordwijk, NL	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Bàrczy, T.	Admatis, Miskolc, Hungary	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Navascues, D. Barrado	Depto. de Astrofisica, Centro de Astrobiologia (CSIC-INTA), ESAC campus, 28692, Villanueva de la Cañada (Madrid), Spain	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Barros, S. C. C.	Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2434-3625	UNSPECIFIED
Baumjohann, W.	Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Benz, W.	Uni. Bern	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Billot, N.	Observatoire de Genève, University of Geneva, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Borsato, L.	Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8627-9628	UNSPECIFIED
Broeg, C.	Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Buder, M.	UNSPECIFIED	https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9440-236X	UNSPECIFIED
Castro-González, A.	Centro de Astrobiología (CAB,CSIC-INTA), Dep. de Astrofísica, ESAC campus, Villanueva de la Cañada, E-28692 Madrid, Spain	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Cameron, A. Collier	Centre for Exoplanet Science, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Correia, A. C. M.	CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Cortes, D.	AIRBUS Defence & Space, Madrid, Spain	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Csizmadia, Sz.	UNSPECIFIED	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6803-9698	UNSPECIFIED
Cubillos, P. E.	INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio, 20, 10025, Pino Torinese, To, Italy; Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstrasse 6, 8042, Graz, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Davies, M. B.	Lund Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Deleuil, M.	Aix-Marseille Universite, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Deline, A.	Observatoire de Genève, University of Geneva, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Demangeon, O. D. S.	Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762, Porto, Portugal	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Demory, B. -O.	Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Derekas, A.	ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Gothard Astrophysical Observatory, Szent Imre h. u. 112, 9700 Szombathely, Hungary	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Edwards, B.	SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Niels Bohrweg 4, 2333 CA, Leiden, The Netherlands	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Ehrenreich, D.	Observatoire de Genève, University of Geneva, Switzerland	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9704-5405	UNSPECIFIED
Erikson, A.	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Fortier, A.	Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8450-3374	UNSPECIFIED
Fossati, L.	Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstrasse 6, A-8042 Graz, Austria	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4426-9530	UNSPECIFIED
Fridlund, M.	Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, 439 92 Onsala, Sweden; Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Gandolfi, D.	Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125, Torino, Italy	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8627-9628	UNSPECIFIED
Gazeas, K.	Section of Astrophysics, Astronomy and Mechanics, Department of Physics, Athens	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Gillon, M.	Astrobiology Research Unit, Université de Liège, 19C Allée du 6 Août, 4000, Liège, Belgium	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Güdel, M.	University of Vienna, Department of Astrophysics, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, 1180, Vienna, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Helling, Ch.	Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Isaak, K. G.	Science and Operations Department - Science Division (SCI-SC), Directorate of Science, European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, 2201-AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Kiss, L. L.	Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth, Budapest, Hungary	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Korth, J.	Lund Observatory, Division of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Lam, K. W. F.	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Laskar, J.	IMCCE, UMR8028 CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Univ.,Sorbonne Univ., 77 av. Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Lavie, B.	Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, Chemin des Mailettes 51, 1290, Versoix, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Lecavelier des Etangs, A.	Institut d Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7095 & Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Paris 6, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Lovis, C.	Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, Chemin des Mailettes 51, 1290, Versoix, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Luntzer, A.	Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, 1180, Vienna, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Magrin, D.	INAF,OsservatorioAstronomicodiPadova,Vicolodell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Maxted, P. F. L.	Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Merin, B.	ESA/ESTEC, Niederlande	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Munari, M.	INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S.Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Nascimbeni, V.	INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Olofsson, G.	Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Ottensamer, R.	Dept. of Astrophysics, University of Vienna, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Pagano, I.	INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Palle, E.	Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain \| Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Spain	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Peter, G.	UNSPECIFIED	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6101-2513	UNSPECIFIED
Piazza, D.	Physics Institute, Space Research & Planetary Sciences, University of Bern, Sidlerstr. 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Piotto, G.	INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, vicolo dell Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Pollacco, D.	Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Queloz, D.	ETH Zurich, Department of Physics, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 2, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland; Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Ragazzoni, R.	INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Rando, N.	ESA/ESTEC, Niederlande	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Rauer, H.	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Ribas, I.	Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (CSIC), Campus UAB, c/ de Can Magrans s/n, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Rodrigues, J.	Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Physiotherapy, Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Vila Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Santos, N. C.	Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Scandariato, G.	INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Ségransan, D.	Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, Chemin Pegasi 51, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Simon, A. E.	Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Smith, A. M. S.	UNSPECIFIED	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2386-4341	UNSPECIFIED
Stalport, M.	Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, Chemin des Mailettes 51, 1290, Versoix, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Sulis, S.	Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, 38 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie, 13388, Marseille, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Szabó, Gy. M.	ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Gothard Astrophysical Observatory, 9700, Szombathely, Szent Imre h. u. 112, Hungary ; MTA-ELTE Exoplanet Research Group, 9700, Szombathely, Szent Imre h. u. 112, Hungary	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Udry, S.	Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, Chemin Pegasi, 51, 1290, Versoix, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Van Grootel, V.	STAR, Université de Liège, Belgium	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Venturini, J.	Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Chemin Pegasi 51, 1290, Versoix, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Villaver, E.	Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Via Lactea s/n, 38200, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, Astrofísico Francisco Sanchez s/n, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Walton, N. A.	Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED

Date:

2024

Journal or Publication Title:

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Refereed publication:

Yes

Open Access:

Yes

Gold Open Access:

In SCOPUS:

Yes

In ISI Web of Science:

Yes

Volume:

688

DOI:

10.1051/0004-6361/202450472

Page Range:

A223

Publisher:

EDP Sciences

ISSN:

0004-6361

Status:

Published

Keywords:

techniques: photometric, planets and satellites: formation, planets and satellites: interiors, planets and satellites: individual: HIP 29442, planetary systems, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics

HGF - Research field:

Aeronautics, Space and Transport

HGF - Program:

Space

HGF - Program Themes:

Space Exploration

DLR - Research area:

Raumfahrt

DLR - Program:

R EW - Space Exploration

DLR - Research theme (Project):

R - CHEOPS Science, R - Project CHEOPS

Location:

Berlin-Adlershof

Institutes and Institutions:

Institute of Planetary Research > Extrasolar Planets and Atmospheres
Institute of Planetary Research > Leitungsbereich PF
Institute of Optical Sensor Systems > Space Instruments

Deposited By:

Smith, Dr Alexis M S

Deposited On:

17 Dec 2024 14:39

Last Modified:

03 Dec 2025 10:06

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