Linking residents, school children and local business owners in a street space reallocation process in Berlin, Germany: contradicting needs and potential gains

Abstract

The number of street space reallocations on the neighbourhood level is growing. They are usually accompanied by participation processes, involving residents or local businesses. Our study broadens the view and explores a comprehensive street space reallocation concept in ‘Graefekiez’ neighbourhood, Berlin, Germany. From June 2023, several parking spaces were reallocated to unsealed and greened areas, cycle racks, child-friendly street furniture, delivery zones and mobility sharing services. We explore the impact of this for residents, local business owners and children and link their needs and gains. We applied methods such as large surveys, interviews, focus groups/workshops (local business owners, resident groups), photovoice, sketch mapping and (AI- )drawings (children) and participatory air pollution measurements. The results from researching with children show they clearly gain from redesigned streets: they use street-furniture, appropriate open space, desire greenery, colourful areas and cycling facilities. The pre-survey and focus group results are more controversial. The pre-survey showed strong support for the measures whereas the focus groups conducted during the reallocation process displayed concerns, e.g. fear of uncontrollable consequences (tourists, noise, gentrification). These findings are confirmed by local business owners: About half were hopeful, however, many became frustrated with lacking information, arguing their existential fears were neglected. The recorded particulate matter shows gains through lower pollution levels compared to neighbouring streets and raised awareness for health-gains among participants. These gains and dimensions of needs with regard to specific user groups should be considered in street space reallocation concepts by municipal urban planning. A timely and transparent communication and a connection between different stakeholders involved, their concerns, needs and gains, can be helpful. Hence, a better outcome can be achieved, based on a shared a understanding and negotiation process of various potential benefits, needs and concerns. Thus, the study aims at providing recommendations for participatory processes of related concepts.