Correct selection of remote sensing product is crucial in freshwater science

Abstract

There is a growing number of lake studies using remote sensing technology for inland aquatic systems. In particular, satellite imagery from newly developed sensors allows the retrieval of several water quality parameters across the surfaces of an increasing number of smaller lakes, providing not only the surface area but additional biogeochemical and biological data. Correctly used, remote sensing technologies enable spatio-temporal analysis of dynamic developments in a large number of water bodies to detect long-term trends and identify sudden changes within aquatic environments as well as their catchments. Notably, however, in most limnological studies, only limited attention has been paid to the differences between and peculiarities of the various remote sensing methods and products available. Indeed, a profound understanding of remote sensing methods for inland waters is necessary for their correct application and data interpretation. Due to the optical complexity, biogeochemical and biological variability of freshwater ecosystems, common remote sensing products made for terrestrial or oceanic applications are not accurately applicable in inland waters. Fortunately, given the growing interest in remote sensing of inland waters, capacity-building strategies have been discussed to overcome these knowledge gaps. In this context, it became clear that synergies between remote sensing and limnology communities need to be developed, with the aim to overcome methodological limitations and improve our ability to accurately monitor our rapidly changing inland waters.