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Aiding Automated Shuttles with Their Driving Tasks as an On-Board Operator: A Case Study on Different Automated Driving Systems in Three Living Labs

Schrank, Andreas Gottfried und Kettwich, Carmen und Oehl, Michael (2024) Aiding Automated Shuttles with Their Driving Tasks as an On-Board Operator: A Case Study on Different Automated Driving Systems in Three Living Labs. Applied Sciences, 14 (8). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). doi: 10.3390/app14083336. ISSN 2076-3417.

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Offizielle URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/8/3336

Kurzfassung

Highly automated shuttle vehicles (SAE Level 4) have the potential to enhance public transport services by decreasing the demand for drivers, enabling more frequent and flexible ride options. However, at least in a transitionary phase, safety operators that supervise and support the shuttles with their driving tasks may be required on board the vehicle from a technical or legal point of view. A crucial component for executing supervisory and intervening tasks is the human–machine interface between an automated vehicle and its on-board operator. This research presents in-depth case studies from three heterogenous living laboratories in Germany that deployed highly automated shuttle vehicles with on-board operators on public roads. The living labs differed significantly regarding the on-board operators’ tasks and the design of the human–machine interfaces. Originally considered a provisional solution until the vehicle automation is fully capable of running without human support, these interfaces were, in general, not designed in a user-centered way. However, since technological progress has been slower than expected, on-board operator interfaces are likely to persist in the mid-term at least. Hence, this research aims to assess the aptitude of interfaces that are in practical use for the on-board operators’ tasks, in order to determine the user-centered design of future interfaces. Completing questionnaires and undergoing comprehensive, semi-structured interviews, nine on-board operators evaluated their human–machine interfaces in light of the respective tasks they complete regarding user variables such as work context, acceptance, system transparency, and trust. The results were highly diverse across laboratories and underlined that the concrete system setup, encompassing task and interface design, has a considerable impact on these variables. Ergonomics, physical demand, and system transparency were identified as the most significant deficits. These findings and derived recommendations may inform the design of on-board operator workspaces, and bear implications for remote operation workstations as well.

elib-URL des Eintrags:https://elib.dlr.de/203752/
Dokumentart:Zeitschriftenbeitrag
Titel:Aiding Automated Shuttles with Their Driving Tasks as an On-Board Operator: A Case Study on Different Automated Driving Systems in Three Living Labs
Autoren:
AutorenInstitution oder E-Mail-AdresseAutoren-ORCID-iDORCID Put Code
Schrank, Andreas GottfriedAndreas.Schrank (at) dlr.dehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8352-1052NICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Kettwich, CarmenCarmen.Kettwich (at) dlr.dehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6814-7058NICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Oehl, MichaelMichael.Oehl (at) dlr.dehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0871-2286NICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Datum:15 April 2024
Erschienen in:Applied Sciences
Referierte Publikation:Ja
Open Access:Ja
Gold Open Access:Ja
In SCOPUS:Ja
In ISI Web of Science:Ja
Band:14
DOI:10.3390/app14083336
Verlag:Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
ISSN:2076-3417
Status:veröffentlicht
Stichwörter:highly automated vehicles; automated driving; on-board operators; human–machine interface; workplace analysis; living lab; shuttles; public transport
HGF - Forschungsbereich:Luftfahrt, Raumfahrt und Verkehr
HGF - Programm:Verkehr
HGF - Programmthema:Straßenverkehr
DLR - Schwerpunkt:Verkehr
DLR - Forschungsgebiet:V ST Straßenverkehr
DLR - Teilgebiet (Projekt, Vorhaben):V - KoKoVI - Koordinierter kooperativer Verkehr mit verteilter, lernender Intelligenz
Standort: Braunschweig
Institute & Einrichtungen:Institut für Verkehrssystemtechnik > Kooperative Systeme, BS
Hinterlegt von: Schrank, Andreas Gottfried
Hinterlegt am:22 Apr 2024 08:16
Letzte Änderung:22 Apr 2024 08:16

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