How do gravity alterations affect animal and human systems at a cellular/tissue level?

Cialdai, Francesca and Brown, Austin M. and Baumann, Cory W. and Angeloni, Debora and Baatout, Sarah and Benchoua, Alexandra and Bereiter-Hahn, Juergen and Bottai, Daniele and Buchheim, Judith-Irina and Calvaruso, Marco and Carnero-Diaz, Eugénie and Castiglioni, Sara and Cavalieri, Duccio and Ceccarelli, Gabriele and Choukér, Alexander and Ciofani, Gianni and Coppola, Giuseppe and Cusella, Gabriella and Degl’Innocenti, Andrea and Desaphy, Jean-Francois and Frippiat, Jean-Pol and Gelinsky, Michael and Genchi, Giada and Grano, Maria and Grimm, Daniela and Guignandon, Alain and Hahn, Christiane and Hatton, Jason and Herranz, Raúl and Hellweg, Christine E. and Iorio, Carlo Saverio and Karapantsios, Thodoris and van Loon, Jack and Lulli, Matteo and Maier, Jeanette and Malda, Jos and Mamaca, Emina and Morbidelli, Lucia and van Ombergen, Angelique and Osterman, Andreas and Ovsianikov, Aleksandr and Pampaloni, Francesco and Pavezlorie, Elizabeth and Pereda-Campos, Veronica and Przybyla, Cyrille and Puhl, Christopher and Rettberg, Petra and Risaliti, Chiara and Rizzo, Angela Maria and Robson-Brown, Kate and Rossi, Leonardo and Russo, Giorgio and Salvetti, Alessandra and Santucci, Daniela and Sperl, Matthias and Strollo, Felice and Tabury, Kevin and Tavella, Sara and Thielemann, Christiane and Willaert, Ronnie and Szewczyk, Nathaniel J. and Monici, Monica (2023) How do gravity alterations affect animal and human systems at a cellular/tissue level? npj Microgravity, 9 (1), p. 84. Nature Publishing Group. doi: 10.1038/s41526-023-00330-y. ISSN 2373-8065.

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Official URL: https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41526-023-00330-y

Abstract

The present white paper concerns the indications and recommendations of the SciSpacE Science Community to make progress in filling the gaps of knowledge that prevent us from answering the question: “How Do Gravity Alterations Affect Animal and Human Systems at a Cellular/Tissue Level?” This is one of the five major scientific issues of the ESA roadmap “Biology in Space and Analogue Environments”. Despite the many studies conducted so far on spaceflight adaptation mechanisms and related pathophysiological alterations observed in astronauts, we are not yet able to elaborate a synthetic integrated model of the many changes occurring at different system and functional levels. Consequently, it is difficult to develop credible models for predicting long-term consequences of human adaptation to the space environment, as well as to implement medical support plans for long-term missions and a strategy for preventing the possible health risks due to prolonged exposure to spaceflight beyond the low Earth orbit (LEO). The research activities suggested by the scientific community have the aim to overcome these problems by striving to connect biological and physiological aspects in a more holistic view of space adaptation effects.

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