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Meteorological and air quality measurements in a city region with complex terrain: influence of meteorological phenomena on urban climate

Samad, Abdul and Kiseleva, Olga and Holst, Christopher Claus and Wegener, Robert and Kossmann, Meinolf and Meusel, Gregor and Fiehn, Alina and Erbertseder, Thilo and Becker, Ralf and Roiger, Anke-Elisabeth and Stanislawsky, Peter and Klemp, Dieter and Emeis, Stefan and Kalthoff, Norbert and Vogt, Ulrich (2023) Meteorological and air quality measurements in a city region with complex terrain: influence of meteorological phenomena on urban climate. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 32 (4), pp. 293-315. Borntraeger Science Publishers. doi: 10.1127/metz/2023/1124. ISSN 0941-2948.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/metz/2023/1124

Abstract

On 8 and 9 July 2018 extensive observations were conducted under fair-weather conditions in the German city of Stuttgart and its surroundings. This intensive observation period, part of the four weeks Urban Climate Under Change (UC)2 campaign, intended to provide a comprehensive data set to understand the complex interactions of thermally induced wind systems, vertical turbulent mixing and air pollutant concentration distribution in the atmospheric boundary layer of the city. Stuttgart has a very special and complex topography with a city center located in a basin surrounded by 250 to 300 m higher hills influencing the wind and flow system, reducing the wind speed, and causing inhibited dispersion of air pollutants. Cold air flows from the surrounding plains can penetrate the urban areas and influence the urban climate including the air quality. For investigating these effects with a focus on urban climate, combinations of different measurement platforms and techniques were used, such as in situ stationary and mobile measurements with cars, vertical profiling by means of tethered balloons, radiosondes, a drone, and aircraft observations, remote sensing devices and satellite-based instruments. Numerous atmospheric processes in an urban area regarding boundary layer evolution, inversion, local wind systems, urban heat island, etc. were observed. Some important findings are: Temperature observations provide local information about the warmest areas in the city and about the city and its surroundings. The urban heat island effect was evident from the results of stationary and mobile air temperature measurements as the higher air temperature was measured in the Stuttgart basin compared to its surroundings. Considerable spatio-temporal differences concerning the wind (speed and direction), turbulence and the convective boundary depth are evident. Lower wind speeds were observed during the nighttime and the main wind direction in the Stuttgart valley was measured to be southwest, which carried cold air from the hillsides into the city and pollutants to the windward side of the city into the Neckar valley. The low wind speed favored the accumulation of pollutants in a shallow nocturnal boundary layer close to the surface. During the day, the overall pollutant concentration was reduced by vertical convective mixing. The vertical profile measurements have shown that the applied techniques provided a good overview to understand the vertical characteristics of meteorological parameters and pollutants as well as the stability of the atmosphere and extent of the urban boundary layer. It also showed that the extent of atmospheric mixing determines the dispersion, dilution and mixing of emitted pollutants. Finally, the additional comprehensive air-chemical observations (surface and satellite based) allow an understanding of the diurnal cycle of air pollutants in the atmospheric boundary layer of the city of Stuttgart. Satellitebased observations from Sentinel-5P/TROPOMI have shown their potential for mapping urban pollution islands and urban pollution plumes even in cities with a complex terrain like Stuttgart. These observations assisted to obtain a comprehensive data set intended for the validation of a novel urban climate model, PALM-4U.

Item URL in elib:https://elib.dlr.de/197333/
Document Type:Article
Title:Meteorological and air quality measurements in a city region with complex terrain: influence of meteorological phenomena on urban climate
Authors:
AuthorsInstitution or Email of AuthorsAuthor's ORCID iDORCID Put Code
Samad, AbdulUniversität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, GermanyUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kiseleva, OlgaKIT, Karlsruhe, GermanyUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Holst, Christopher ClausKIT, Karlsruhe, GermanyUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Wegener, RobertFZJ, Jülich, GermanyUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kossmann, MeinolfDeutscher WetterdienstUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Meusel, GregorUniversität Hannover, GermanyUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Fiehn, AlinaDLR, IPAhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3376-4405142541095
Erbertseder, ThiloUNSPECIFIEDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4888-1065UNSPECIFIED
Becker, RalfUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Roiger, Anke-ElisabethDLR, IPAUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Stanislawsky, PeterDWD, OffenbachUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Klemp, DieterFZJ, Jülich, GermanyUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Emeis, StefanKIT, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, GermanyUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Kalthoff, NorbertKIT, Karlsruhe, GermanyUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Vogt, UlrichUniversität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, GermanyUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Date:6 July 2023
Journal or Publication Title:Meteorologische Zeitschrift
Refereed publication:Yes
Open Access:Yes
Gold Open Access:Yes
In SCOPUS:Yes
In ISI Web of Science:Yes
Volume:32
DOI:10.1127/metz/2023/1124
Page Range:pp. 293-315
Publisher:Borntraeger Science Publishers
ISSN:0941-2948
Status:Published
Keywords:meteorological measurements, urban climate, complex terrain
HGF - Research field:Aeronautics, Space and Transport
HGF - Program:Space
HGF - Program Themes:Earth Observation
DLR - Research area:Raumfahrt
DLR - Program:R EO - Earth Observation
DLR - Research theme (Project):R - Project Climatic relevance of atmospheric tracer gases, aerosols and clouds, R - Atmospheric and climate research, R - Project MABAK, R - Project Greenhouse Gas Monitoring
Location: Oberpfaffenhofen
Institutes and Institutions:Institute of Atmospheric Physics > Atmospheric Trace Species
German Remote Sensing Data Center > Atmosphere
Deposited By: Fiehn, Dr. Alina
Deposited On:18 Sep 2023 11:21
Last Modified:18 Sep 2023 11:21

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