Momentum transfer from the DART mission kinetic impact on asteroid Dimorphos

Cheng, Andrew F. and Agrusa, Harrison F. and Barbee, Brent W. and Meyer, Alex J. and Farnham, Tony L. and Raducan, Sabina D. and Richardson, Derek C. and Dotto, Elisabetta and Zinzi, Angelo and Della Corte, Vincenzo and Statler, Thomas S. and Chesley, Steven R. and Naidu, Shantanu P. and Hirabayashi, Masatoshi and Li, Jian-Yang and Eggl, Siegfried and Barnouin, Olivier S. and Chabot, Nancy L. and Chocron, Sidney and Collins, Gareth S. and Daly, R. Terik and Davison, Thomas M. and DeCoster, Mallory E. and Ernst, Carolyn M. and Ferrari, Fabio and Graninger, Dawn M. and Jacobson, Seth A. and Jutzi, Martin and Kumamoto, Kathryn M. and Luther, Robert and Lyzhoft, Joshua R. and Michel, Patrick and Murdoch, Naomi and Nakano, Ryota and Palmer, Eric and Rivkin, Andrew S. and Scheeres, Daniel J. and Stickle, Angela M. and Sunshine, Jessica M. and Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep M. and Vincent, Jean-Baptiste and Walker, James D. and Wünnemann, Kai and Zhang, Yun and Amoroso, Marilena and Bertini, Ivano and Brucato, John R. and Capannolo, Andrea and Cremonese, Gabriele and Dall’Ora, Massimo and Deshapriya, Prasanna J. D. and Gai, Igor and Hasselmann, Pedro H. and Ieva, Simone and Impresario, Gabriele and Ivanovski, Stavro L. and Lavagna, Michèle and Lucchetti, Alice and Epifani, Elena M. and Modenini, Dario and Pajola, Maurizio and Palumbo, Pasquale and Perna, Davide and Pirrotta, Simone and Poggiali, Giovanni and Rossi, Alessandro and Tortora, Paolo and Zannoni, Marco and Zanotti, Giovanni (2023) Momentum transfer from the DART mission kinetic impact on asteroid Dimorphos. Nature, 616 (7957), pp. 457-460. Nature Publishing Group. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-05878-z. ISSN 0028-0836.

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Official URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05878-z

Abstract

The NASA Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission performed a kinetic impact on asteroid Dimorphos, the satellite of the binary asteroid (65803) Didymos, at 23:14 UTC on 26 September 2022 as a planetary defence test1. DART was the first hypervelocity impact experiment on an asteroid at size and velocity scales relevant to planetary defence, intended to validate kinetic impact as a means of asteroid deflection. Here we report a determination of the momentum transferred to an asteroid by kinetic impact. On the basis of the change in the binary orbit period2, we find an instantaneous reduction in Dimorphos’s along-track orbital velocity component of 2.70 ± 0.10 mm s−1, indicating enhanced momentum transfer due to recoil from ejecta streams produced by the impact3,4. For a Dimorphos bulk density range of 1,500 to 3,300 kg m−3, we find that the expected value of the momentum enhancement factor, β, ranges between 2.2 and 4.9, depending on the mass of Dimorphos. If Dimorphos and Didymos are assumed to have equal densities of 2,400 kg m−3, β=3.61+0.19−0.25(1σ). These β values indicate that substantially more momentum was transferred to Dimorphos from the escaping impact ejecta than was incident with DART. Therefore, the DART kinetic impact was highly effective in deflecting the asteroid Dimorphos.

Item URL in elib:

https://elib.dlr.de/195258/

Document Type:

Article

Title:

Momentum transfer from the DART mission kinetic impact on asteroid Dimorphos

Authors:

Authors	Institution or Email of Authors	Author's ORCID iD	ORCID Put Code
Cheng, Andrew F.	Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Agrusa, Harrison F.	Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Barbee, Brent W.	NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3739-3242	UNSPECIFIED
Meyer, Alex J.	Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Farnham, Tony L.	Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4767-9861	UNSPECIFIED
Raducan, Sabina D.	Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Richardson, Derek C.	Univ. Maryland, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Dotto, Elisabetta	INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Zinzi, Angelo	ASI-SSDC, Rome, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Della Corte, Vincenzo	INAF, Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Rome, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Statler, Thomas S.	NASA Headquarters, 300 Hidden Figures Way SW, Washington, DC 20546, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Chesley, Steven R.	JPL, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Naidu, Shantanu P.	Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4439-7014	UNSPECIFIED
Hirabayashi, Masatoshi	Department of Geosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Department of Aerospace Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Li, Jian-Yang	Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Eggl, Siegfried	Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Barnouin, Olivier S.	Space Department, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723-6099, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Chabot, Nancy L.	The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA.	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Chocron, Sidney	Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6838-3330	UNSPECIFIED
Collins, Gareth S.	Imperial College London, London, UK	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6087-6149	UNSPECIFIED
Daly, R. Terik	JHU Applied Physics Laboratory	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Davison, Thomas M.	Imperial College London, London, UK	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8790-873X	UNSPECIFIED
DeCoster, Mallory E.	Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Ernst, Carolyn M.	The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA.	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Ferrari, Fabio	Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Graninger, Dawn M.	Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1582-0581	UNSPECIFIED
Jacobson, Seth A.	Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4952-9007	UNSPECIFIED
Jutzi, Martin	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Kumamoto, Kathryn M.	Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0400-6333	UNSPECIFIED
Luther, Robert	Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung , Berlin, Germany	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Lyzhoft, Joshua R.	NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6420-8423	UNSPECIFIED
Michel, Patrick	Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Murdoch, Naomi	Institut Supérieur de l’Aéronautique et de l’Espace (ISAE ‐ SUPAERO), Université de Toulouse, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Nakano, Ryota	Department of Aerospace Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Palmer, Eric	Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6755-8736	UNSPECIFIED
Rivkin, Andrew S.	Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Scheeres, Daniel J.	Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0558-3842	UNSPECIFIED
Stickle, Angela M.	Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Sunshine, Jessica M.	Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep M.	Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Cerdanyola del Vallès, E-08193 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Ed. Nexus, E-08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Vincent, Jean-Baptiste	UNSPECIFIED	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6575-3079	135769850
Walker, James D.	Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3093-8978	UNSPECIFIED
Wünnemann, Kai	Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung , Berlin, Germany	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Zhang, Yun	Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4045-9046	UNSPECIFIED
Amoroso, Marilena	Italian Space Agency – ASI, Sede di Roma, Rome, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Bertini, Ivano	Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples ‘Parthenope’, Naples, Italy ; Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology (IAPS), INAF, Rome, Italy	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-2444	UNSPECIFIED
Brucato, John R.	INAF–Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory, Florence, Italy.	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Capannolo, Andrea	Department of Aerospace Science and Technology (DAER), Polytechnic University of Milan, Milan, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Cremonese, Gabriele	INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Dall’Ora, Massimo	INAF, Astronomical Observatory at Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Deshapriya, Prasanna J. D.	INAF, Astronomical Observatory of Rome, Rome, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Gai, Igor	Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Forlì, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Hasselmann, Pedro H.	INAF, Astronomical Observatory of Rome, Rome, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Ieva, Simone	INAF, Astronomical Observatory of Rome, Rome, Italy	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8694-9038	UNSPECIFIED
Impresario, Gabriele	Italian Space Agency – ASI, Sede di Roma, Rome, Italy	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8984-4231	UNSPECIFIED
Ivanovski, Stavro L.	INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Lavagna, Michèle	Aerospace Engineering Department, Politecnico di Milano	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Lucchetti, Alice	Center of Studies and Activities for Space, CISAS, G. Colombo, University of Padova, via Venezia 15, 35131, Padova, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Epifani, Elena M.	INAF, Astronomical Observatory of Rome, Rome, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Modenini, Dario	Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Forlì, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Pajola, Maurizio	Centro di Ateneo di Studi ed Attività Spaziali “Giuseppe Colombo” (CISAS), University of Padova, Via Venezia 15, 35131 Padova, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Palumbo, Pasquale	Univ. degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Naples, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Perna, Davide	INAF, Astronomical Observatory of Rome, Rome, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Pirrotta, Simone	ASI	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Poggiali, Giovanni	INAF, Astrophysical Observatory of Arcetri, Firenze, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Rossi, Alessandro	IFAC-CNR, Sesto Fiorentino I-50019, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Tortora, Paolo	Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Department of Industrial Engineering, Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Aerospace, Via Fontanelle 40—Forlì (FC)—I-47121, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Zannoni, Marco	Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Forlì, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Zanotti, Giovanni	Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Polytechnic University of Milan, Milano, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED

Date:

April 2023

Journal or Publication Title:

Nature

Refereed publication:

Yes

Open Access:

Yes

Gold Open Access:

In SCOPUS:

Yes

In ISI Web of Science:

Yes

Volume:

616

DOI:

10.1038/s41586-023-05878-z

Page Range:

pp. 457-460

Publisher:

Nature Publishing Group

ISSN:

0028-0836

Status:

Published

Keywords:

asteroids, planetary defense, DART

HGF - Research field:

Aeronautics, Space and Transport

HGF - Program:

Space

HGF - Program Themes:

Space Exploration

DLR - Research area:

Raumfahrt

DLR - Program:

R EW - Space Exploration

DLR - Research theme (Project):

R - Exploration of the Solar System

Location:

Berlin-Adlershof

Institutes and Institutions:

Institute of Planetary Research > Planetary Geodesy

Deposited By:

Vincent, Jean-Baptiste

Deposited On:

26 May 2023 13:04

Last Modified:

26 May 2023 13:04

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