TOI-1055 b: Neptunian planet characterised with HARPS, TESS, and CHEOPS

Bonfanti, A. and Gandolfi, D. and Egger, J. A. and Fossati, L. and Cabrera, J. and Krenn, A. and Alibert, Y. and Benz, W. and Billot, N. and Florén, H. -G. and Lendl, M. and Adibekyan, V. and Salmon, S. and Santos, N. C. and Sousa, S. G. and Wilson, T. G. and Barragán, O. and Collier Cameron, A. and Delrez, L. and Esposito, M. and Goffo, E. and Osborne, H. L. M. and Osborn, H. P. and Serrano, L. M. and Van Eylen, V. and Alarcon, J. and Alonso, R. and Anglada, G. and Bàrczy, T. and Barrado Navascues, D. and Barros, S. C. C. and Baumjohann, W. and Beck, M. and Beck, T. and Bedell, M. and Bonfils, X. and Borsato, L. and Brandeker, A. and Broeg, C. and Charnoz, S. and Corral Van Damme, C. and Csizmadia, Sz. and Cubillos, P. E. and Davies, M. B. and Deleuil, M. and Demangeon, O. D. S. and Demory, B. -O. and Ehrenreich, D. and Erikson, A. and Fortier, A. and Fridlund, M. and Gillon, M. and Güdel, M. and Hoyer, S. and Isaak, K. G. and Kerschbaum, F. and Kiss, L. L. and Laskar, J. and Lecavelier des Etangs, A. and Lorenzo-Oliveira, D. and Lovis, C. and Magrin, D. and Marafatto, L. and Maxted, P. F. L. and Meléndez, J. and Mordasini, C. and Nascimbeni, V. and Olofsson, G. and Ottensamer, R. and Pagano, I. and Palle, E. and Peter, G. and Piazza, D. and Piotto, G. and Pollacco, D. and Queloz, D. and Ragazzoni, R. and Rando, N. and Rauer, H. and Ribas, I. and Scandariato, G. and Segransan, D. and Simon, A. E. and Smith, A. M. S. and Steller, M. and Szabó, Gy. M. and Thomas, N. and Udry, S. and Ulmer, B. and Van Grootel, V. and Venturini, J. and Walton, N. A. (2023) TOI-1055 b: Neptunian planet characterised with HARPS, TESS, and CHEOPS. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 671, L8. EDP Sciences. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202245607. ISSN 0004-6361.

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Official URL: https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2023/03/aa45607-22/aa45607-22.html

Abstract

Context. TOI-1055 is a Sun-like star known to host a transiting Neptune-sized planet on a 17.5-day orbit (TOI-1055 b). Radial velocity (RV) analyses carried out by two independent groups using nearly the same set of HARPS spectra have provided measurements of planetary masses that differ by ∼2σ. Aims: Our aim in this work is to solve the inconsistency in the published planetary masses by significantly extending the set of HARPS RV measurements and employing a new analysis tool that is able to account and correct for stellar activity. Our further aim was to improve the precision on measurements of the planetary radius by observing two transits of the planet with the CHEOPS space telescope. Methods: We fit a skew normal function to each cross correlation function extracted from the HARPS spectra to obtain RV measurements and hyperparameters to be used for the detrending. We evaluated the correlation changes of the hyperparameters along the RV time series using the breakpoint technique. We performed a joint photometric and RV analysis using a Markov chain Monte Carlo scheme to simultaneously detrend the light curves and the RV time series. Results: We firmly detected the Keplerian signal of TOI-1055 b, deriving a planetary mass of Mb = 20.4−2.5+2.6 M⊕ (∼12%). This value is in agreement with one of the two estimates in the literature, but it is significantly more precise. Thanks to the TESS transit light curves combined with exquisite CHEOPS photometry, we also derived a planetary radius of Rb = 3.490−0.064+0.070 R⊕ (∼1.9%). Our mass and radius measurements imply a mean density of ρb = 2.65−0.35+0.37 g cm−3 (∼14%). We further inferred the planetary structure and found that TOI-1055 b is very likely to host a substantial gas envelope with a mass of 0.41−0.20+0.34 M⊕ and a thickness of 1.05−0.29+0.30 R⊕. Conclusions: Our RV extraction combined with the breakpoint technique has played a key role in the optimal removal of stellar activity from the HARPS time series, enabling us to solve the tension in the planetary mass values published so far for TOI-1055 b.

Item URL in elib:

https://elib.dlr.de/194669/

Document Type:

Article

Title:

TOI-1055 b: Neptunian planet characterised with HARPS, TESS, and CHEOPS

Authors:

Authors	Institution or Email of Authors	Author's ORCID iD	ORCID Put Code
Bonfanti, A.	Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Gandolfi, D.	Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125, Torino, Italy	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8627-9628	UNSPECIFIED
Egger, J. A.	Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Fossati, L.	Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstrasse 6, 8042, Graz, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Cabrera, J.	UNSPECIFIED	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6653-5487	UNSPECIFIED
Krenn, A.	Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstrasse 6, 8042 Graz, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Alibert, Y.	Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Benz, W.	Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bern, CH	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Billot, N.	Université de Genève, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Florén, H. -G.	Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Lendl, M.	Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, Chemin des Mailettes 51, 1290, Versoix, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Adibekyan, V.	Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Salmon, S.	STAR, Université de Liège, Belgium	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Santos, N. C.	Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Sousa, S. G.	Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Wilson, T. G.	School of Physics and Astronomy, St. Andrews, UK	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8749-1962	UNSPECIFIED
Barragán, O.	Sub-department of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Universityof Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Collier Cameron, A.	SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, Fife KY16 9SS, UK	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8863-7828	UNSPECIFIED
Delrez, L.	Institut d Astrophysique et de Geophysique, Universite de Liege, Allee du 6 Aout, 17, Bat. B5C, Liege 1, Belgium	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Esposito, M.	Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, 07778, Tautenburg, Germany	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Goffo, E.	Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, via PietroGiuria 1, I-10125, Torino, Italy ; Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Germany	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Osborne, H. L. M.	Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Osborn, H. P.	Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Serrano, L. M.	Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, I-10125, Torino, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Van Eylen, V.	Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London,Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Alarcon, J.	European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Santiago, Chile	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Alonso, R.	Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), Via Lactea s/n 38200, La Laguna, Spain	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Anglada, G.	Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, CanMagrans s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona,Spain	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Bàrczy, T.	Admatis, Miskolc, Hungary	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Barrado Navascues, D.	Depto. de Astrofisica, Centro de Astrobiologia (CSIC-INTA), ESAC Campus, E-28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Barros, S. C. C.	Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Baumjohann, W.	Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6271-0110	UNSPECIFIED
Beck, M.	Université de Genève, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Beck, T.	Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Gesellschaftsstraße 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Bedell, M.	Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Bonfils, X.	Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique, University of Grenoble, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Borsato, L.	Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Brandeker, A.	Department of Astronomy – Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Broeg, C.	Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Charnoz, S.	Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Corral Van Damme, C.	ESA/ESTEC, Niederlande	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Csizmadia, Sz.	UNSPECIFIED	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6803-9698	UNSPECIFIED
Cubillos, P. E.	INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio, 20, 10025, Pino Torinese, To, Italy; Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstrasse 6, 8042, Graz, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Davies, M. B.	Lund Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Deleuil, M.	Laboratoire d´Astrophysique de Marseille, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Demangeon, O. D. S.	Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762, Porto, Portugal	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Demory, B. -O.	Center for Space and Habitability, Gesellsschaftstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Ehrenreich, D.	Observatoire de Genève, University of Geneva, Switzerland	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9704-5405	UNSPECIFIED
Erikson, A.	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Fortier, A.	Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8450-3374	UNSPECIFIED
Fridlund, M.	Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Onsala Space Observatory, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-439 92, Onsala, Sweden; Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Gillon, M.	Institut d’Astrophysique, Geophysique et Oceanographie, Universite de Liege, B-4000 Liege, Belgium	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Güdel, M.	Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna, Tuerkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Hoyer, S.	Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, Univ. de Provence, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Isaak, K. G.	ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk, Niederlande	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Kerschbaum, F.	Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna, Tuerkenschanzstrasse 17, 1180, Vienna, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Kiss, L. L.	Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth, Budapest, Hungary	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Laskar, J.	IMCCE, UMR8028 CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Univ.,Sorbonne Univ., 77 av. Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Lecavelier des Etangs, A.	Institut d Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7095 & Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Paris 6, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Lorenzo-Oliveira, D.	Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Astronomia do	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Lovis, C.	Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, Chemin des Mailettes 51, 1290, Versoix, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Magrin, D.	INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Marafatto, L.	INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Maxted, P. F. L.	Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Meléndez, J.	Universidade de São Paulo, IAG, Departamento de Astronomia, Rua do Matão 1226, 05509-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Mordasini, C.	Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Nascimbeni, V.	INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, vicolo dell Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Olofsson, G.	Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Ottensamer, R.	University of Vienna, Department of Astrophysics, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Pagano, I.	INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S.Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Palle, E.	Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain );; Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Peter, G.	UNSPECIFIED	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6101-2513	UNSPECIFIED
Piazza, D.	Physics Institute, Space Research & Planetary Sciences, University of Bern, Sidlerstr. 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Piotto, G.	INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, vicolo dell Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Pollacco, D.	Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Queloz, D.	Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK; ETH Zurich, Department of Physics, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Ragazzoni, R.	INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Rando, N.	ESA/ESTEC, Niederlande	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Rauer, H.	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Ribas, I.	Institut de Ciencies de l Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Carrer de Can Magrans, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Scandariato, G.	INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Segransan, D.	Observatoire de Geneve, Universite de Geneve, 51 Chemin des Maillettes, 1290 Sauverny, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Simon, A. E.	Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Smith, A. M. S.	UNSPECIFIED	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2386-4341	UNSPECIFIED
Steller, M.	Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstrasse 6, 8042, Graz, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Szabó, Gy. M.	Department of Experimental Physics & Astronomical Observatory, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Thomas, N.	Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012, Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Udry, S.	Observatoire de Genève, Sauverny, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Ulmer, B.	Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Rutherfordstrasse 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Van Grootel, V.	STAR, Université de Liège, Belgium	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Venturini, J.	Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Chemin Pegasi 51, 1290, Versoix, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Walton, N. A.	Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED

Date:

2023

Journal or Publication Title:

Astronomy & Astrophysics

Refereed publication:

Yes

Open Access:

Yes

Gold Open Access:

In SCOPUS:

Yes

In ISI Web of Science:

Yes

Volume:

671

DOI:

10.1051/0004-6361/202245607

Page Range:

Publisher:

EDP Sciences

ISSN:

0004-6361

Status:

Published

Keywords:

techniques: radial velocities, techniques: photometric, planets and satellites: fundamental parameters, stars: fundamental parameters, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics

HGF - Research field:

Aeronautics, Space and Transport

HGF - Program:

Space

HGF - Program Themes:

Space Exploration

DLR - Research area:

Raumfahrt

DLR - Program:

R EW - Space Exploration

DLR - Research theme (Project):

R - CHEOPS Science, R - Project CHEOPS

Location:

Berlin-Adlershof

Institutes and Institutions:

Institute of Planetary Research > Extrasolar Planets and Atmospheres
Institute of Planetary Research > Leitungsbereich PF
Institute of Optical Sensor Systems > Space Instruments

Deposited By:

Smith, Dr Alexis M S

Deposited On:

25 Apr 2023 14:21

Last Modified:

25 Apr 2023 14:21

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