Examining the orbital decay targets KELT-9 b, KELT-16 b, and WASP-4b, and the transit-timing variations of HD 97658 b

Harre, Jan-Vincent and Smith, Alexis M S and Barros, S. C. C. and Boué, G. and Csizmadia, Szilard and Ehrenreich, D. and Floren, H. G. and Fortier, A. and Maxted, P. F. L. and Hooton, M. J. and Akinsanmi, B. and Serrano, L. M. and Rosário, N. M. and Demory, B. -O. and Jones, K. and Laskar, J. and Adibekyan, V. and Alibert, Y. and Alonso, R. and Anderson, D. R. and Anglada Escudé, G and Asquier, Joel and Bàrczy, T. and Barrado y Navascués, D. and Baumjohann, W. and Beck, Mathias and Beck, T. and Benz, W. and Billot, Nicolas and Biondi, F. and Bonfanti, Andrea and Bonfils, Xavier and Brandeker, A. and Broeg, C. and Cabrera Perez, Juan and Cessa, V. and Charnoz, S. and Collier Cameron, A. and Davies, M. B. and Deleuil, M. and Delrez, Laetitia and Demangeon, O.D.S. and Erikson, A and Fossati, Luca and Fridlund, M. and Gandolfi, D. and Gillon, M. and Güdel, M. and Heng, K. and Hoyer, Sergio and Isaak, Kate G. and Kiss, L. L. and Lecavelier des Etangs, A. and Lendl, M and Lovis, Christophe and Magrin, D. and Nascimbeni, V. and Olofsson, G. and Ottensamer, Roland and Pagano, I. and Palle, E. and Persson, C. M. and Peter, Gisbert and Piotto, G. and Pollacco, D. and Queloz, D. and Ragazzoni, R. and Rando, Nicola and Rauer, H. and Ribas, I. and Ricker, G. R. and Salmon, Sébastien and Santos, N. C. and Scandariato, G. and Seager, S. and Segransan, D. and Simon, A. E. and Sousa, S. G. and Steller, M. and Szabó, G. and Thomas, N. and Udry, Stephane and Ulmer, B and Van Grootel, V. and Walton, Nicholas and Wilson, Thomas G. and Winn, J. N. and Wohler, Bill (2023) Examining the orbital decay targets KELT-9 b, KELT-16 b, and WASP-4b, and the transit-timing variations of HD 97658 b. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 669, A124. EDP Sciences. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202244529. ISSN 0004-6361.

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Official URL: https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2023/01/aa44529-22/aa44529-22.html

Abstract

Context. Tidal orbital decay is suspected to occur for hot Jupiters in particular, with the only observationally confirmed case of this being WASP-12b. By examining this effect, information on the properties of the host star can be obtained using the so-called stellar modified tidal quality factor Q*', which describes the efficiency with which the kinetic energy of the planet is dissipated within the star. This can provide information about the interior of the star. Aims. In this study, we aim to improve constraints on the tidal decay of the KELT-9, KELT-16, and WASP-4 systems in order to find evidence for or against the presence of tidal orbital decay. With this, we want to constrain the Q*' value for each star. In addition, we aim to test the existence of the transit timing variations (TTVs) in the HD 97658 system, which previously favoured a quadratic trend with increasing orbital period. Methods. Making use of newly acquired photometric observations from CHEOPS (CHaracterising ExOplanet Satellite) and TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite), combined with archival transit and occultation data, we use Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms to fit three models to the data, namely a constant-period model, an orbital-decay model, and an apsidal-precession model. Results. We find that the KELT-9 system is best described by an apsidal-precession model for now, with an orbital decay trend at over 2 σ being a possible solution as well. A Keplerian orbit model with a constant orbital period provides the best fit to the transit timings of KELT-16 b because of the scatter and scale of their error bars. The WASP-4 system is best represented by an orbital decay model at a 5 σ significance, although apsidal precession cannot be ruled out with the present data. For HD 97658 b, using recently acquired transit observations, we find no conclusive evidence for a previously suspected strong quadratic trend in the data.

Item URL in elib:

https://elib.dlr.de/194001/

Document Type:

Article

Title:

Examining the orbital decay targets KELT-9 b, KELT-16 b, and WASP-4b, and the transit-timing variations of HD 97658 b

Authors:

Authors	Institution or Email of Authors	Author's ORCID iD	ORCID Put Code
Harre, Jan-Vincent	UNSPECIFIED	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8935-2472	UNSPECIFIED
Smith, Alexis M S	UNSPECIFIED	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2386-4341	UNSPECIFIED
Barros, S. C. C.	Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2434-3625	UNSPECIFIED
Boué, G.	IMCCE, UMR8028 CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Univ.,Sorbonne Univ., 77 av. Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5057-7743	UNSPECIFIED
Csizmadia, Szilard	UNSPECIFIED	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6803-9698	UNSPECIFIED
Ehrenreich, D.	Observatoire de Genève, University of Geneva, Switzerland	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9704-5405	UNSPECIFIED
Floren, H. G.	Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Fortier, A.	Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8450-3374	UNSPECIFIED
Maxted, P. F. L.	Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Hooton, M. J.	Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK; Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Gesellsschaftstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0030-332X	UNSPECIFIED
Akinsanmi, B.	Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Serrano, L. M.	instituto de astrofísica e ciências do espaço, universidade do porto, caup, rua das estrelas, 4150-762 porto, portugal	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Rosário, N. M.	Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Demory, B. -O.	Center for Space and Habitability, Gesellsschaftstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Jones, K.	Center for Space and Habitability, Gesellsschaftstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Laskar, J.	IMCCE, UMR8028 CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Univ.,Sorbonne Univ., 77 av. Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Adibekyan, V.	Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Alibert, Y.	Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern;Observatoire de Besançon, Institut UTINAM, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Alonso, R.	Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Anderson, D. R.	Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK; Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Anglada Escudé, G	Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, CanMagrans s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona,Spain	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Asquier, Joel	European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, the Netherlands	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Bàrczy, T.	Admatis, Miskolc, Hungary	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Barrado y Navascués, D.	Depto. de Astrofisica, Centro de Astrobiologia (CSIC-INTA), ESAC Campus, 28692, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Baumjohann, W.	Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6271-0110	UNSPECIFIED
Beck, Mathias	Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Beck, T.	Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Benz, W.	Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bern, CH	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Billot, Nicolas	Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Biondi, F.	INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Bonfanti, Andrea	Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Bonfils, Xavier	University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9003-8894	UNSPECIFIED
Brandeker, A.	Department of Astronomy – Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Broeg, C.	Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Cabrera Perez, Juan	UNSPECIFIED	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6653-5487	UNSPECIFIED
Cessa, V.	Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Charnoz, S.	Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Collier Cameron, A.	SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, Fife KY16 9SS, UK	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8863-7828	UNSPECIFIED
Davies, M. B.	Lund Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Deleuil, M.	Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388, Marseille, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Delrez, Laetitia	Astrobiology Research Unit, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août 19C, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, Université de Liège, 19C Allèe du 6 Août, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Observatoire Astronomiqu	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Demangeon, O.D.S.	Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Erikson, A	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Fossati, Luca	Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstrasse 6, A-8041 Graz, Austria 0000-0003-4426-9530	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Fridlund, M.	Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, 2333CA Leiden, The Netherlands; Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Onsala Space Observatory, SE-439 92 Onsala, Sweden; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0855-8426	UNSPECIFIED
Gandolfi, D.	Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, I-10125, Torino, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Gillon, M.	Astrobiology Research Unit, Université de Liège, 19C Allée du 6 Août, 4000, Liège, Belgium	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Güdel, M.	Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna, Türkenschanzstraße 17, 1180, Vienna, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Heng, K.	Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Hoyer, Sergio	Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, 38 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie, 13388 Marseille, France	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-2466	UNSPECIFIED
Isaak, Kate G.	Science and Operations Department - Science Division (SCI-SC), Directorate of Science, European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, the Netherlands	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Kiss, L. L.	Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth, Budapest, Hungary	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Lecavelier des Etangs, A.	Institut d Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7095 & Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Paris 6, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Lendl, M	Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, 51 Ch. des Maillettes, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland; Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstr. 6, A-8042 Graz, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Lovis, Christophe	Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, Chemin des Mailettes 51, 1290, Versoix, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Magrin, D.	INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Nascimbeni, V.	NAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, Padova, IT-35122, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Olofsson, G.	Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Ottensamer, Roland	Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Pagano, I.	INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Palle, E.	Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Persson, C. M.	Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, 439 92, Onsala, Sweden	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Peter, Gisbert	UNSPECIFIED	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6101-2513	UNSPECIFIED
Piotto, G.	INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, vicolo dell Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Pollacco, D.	Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK; Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Queloz, D.	Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK; ETH Zurich, Department of Physics, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Ragazzoni, R.	Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Vicolo dell Osservatorio 3, 35122 Padova, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Rando, Nicola	European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, the Netherlands	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Rauer, H.	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Ribas, I.	Institut de Ciencies de l' Espai (ICE, CSIC), C/Can Magrans, s/n, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain; Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Ricker, G. R.	Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Salmon, Sébastien	Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium; Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, Versoix, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Santos, N. C.	Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Scandariato, G.	INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Seager, S.	Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Segransan, D.	Observatoire de Geneve, Universite de Geneve, 51 Chemin des Maillettes, 1290 Sauverny, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Simon, A. E.	Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Sousa, S. G.	Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9047-2965	UNSPECIFIED
Steller, M.	Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstrasse 6, 8042, Graz, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Szabó, G.	ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Gothard Astrophysical Observatory, 9700 Szombathely, Szent Imre h. u. 112, Hungary; MTA-ELTE Exoplanet Research Group, 9700 Szombathely, Szent Imre h. u. 112, Hungary	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0606-7930	UNSPECIFIED
Thomas, N.	Physikalisches Institut, Universitaet Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, Bern, 3012 Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Udry, Stephane	Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, 51 Ch. des Maillettes, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Ulmer, B	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Van Grootel, V.	Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août 19C, 4000 Liège, Belgium	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Walton, Nicholas	Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Wilson, Thomas G.	Centre for Exoplanet Science, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Winn, J. N.	Princeton University, Department of Astrophysical Sciences, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Wohler, Bill	NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED

Date:

23 January 2023

Journal or Publication Title:

Astronomy & Astrophysics

Refereed publication:

Yes

Open Access:

Yes

Gold Open Access:

In SCOPUS:

Yes

In ISI Web of Science:

Yes

Volume:

669

DOI:

10.1051/0004-6361/202244529

Page Range:

A124

Publisher:

EDP Sciences

ISSN:

0004-6361

Status:

Published

Keywords:

planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability / planet-star interactions / techniques: photometric

HGF - Research field:

Aeronautics, Space and Transport

HGF - Program:

Space

HGF - Program Themes:

Space Exploration

DLR - Research area:

Raumfahrt

DLR - Program:

R EW - Space Exploration

DLR - Research theme (Project):

R - CHEOPS Science

Location:

Berlin-Adlershof

Institutes and Institutions:

Institute of Planetary Research > Extrasolar Planets and Atmospheres
Institute of Optical Sensor Systems > Space Instruments
Institute of Planetary Research > Leitungsbereich PF

Deposited By:

Harre, Jan-Vincent

Deposited On:

06 Mar 2023 11:23

Last Modified:

07 Mar 2023 10:28

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