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Decarbonization scenarios for the iron and steel industry in context of a sectoral carbon budget: Germany as a case study

Harpprecht, Carina und Naegler, Tobias und Steubing, Bernhard und Tukker, Arnold und Simon, Sonja (2022) Decarbonization scenarios for the iron and steel industry in context of a sectoral carbon budget: Germany as a case study. Journal of Cleaner Production. Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134846. ISSN 0959-6526.

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Kurzfassung

CO2 emissions from global steel production may jeopardize climate goals of 1.5 °C unless current steel production practices will be rapidly decarbonized. At present, primary iron and steel production is still heavily dependent on fossil fuels, primarily coke. This study aims to determine which decarbonization pathways can achieve the strongest emission reductions of the iron and steel industry in Germany by 2050. Moreover, we estimate whether the German iron and steel industry will be able to stay within its sectoral carbon budgets for a 1.5 °C or 1.75 °C target. We developed three decarbonization scenarios for German steel production: an electrification, coal-exit, and a carbon capture and storage (CCS) scenario. They describe a phase-out of coal-fired production plants and an introduction of electricity-based, low-carbon iron production technologies, i.e. hydrogen-based direct reduction and electrowinning of iron ore. The scenarios consider the age and lifetimes of existing coal-based furnaces, the maturity of emerging technologies, and increasing recycling shares. Based on specific energy requirements and reaction-related emissions per technology, we calculated future CO2 emissions of future steel production in Germany. We found that under the decarbonization scenarios, annual CO2 emissions decrease by up to 83% in 2050 relative to 2020. The reductions of cumulative emissions by 2050 range from 24% (360 Mt CO2) under the electrification scenario up to the maximum of 46% (677 Mt CO2) under the CCS scenario compared to a reference scenario. This clearly demonstrates that the technology pathway matters. Nevertheless, the German steel sector will exceed its sectoral CO2 budget for a 1.5 °C warming scenario between 2023 and 2037. Thus, drastic measures are required very soon to sufficiently limit future CO2 emissions from German steel production, such as, a rapid decarbonization of the electricity mix, the construction of a hydrogen and CCS infrastructure, or early shutdowns of current coal-based furnaces.

elib-URL des Eintrags:https://elib.dlr.de/191247/
Dokumentart:Zeitschriftenbeitrag
Zusätzliche Informationen:This research was funded by the Helmholtz Initiative Climate Adaptation and Mitigation, Cluster I “Net-Zero-2050”.
Titel:Decarbonization scenarios for the iron and steel industry in context of a sectoral carbon budget: Germany as a case study
Autoren:
AutorenInstitution oder E-Mail-AdresseAutoren-ORCID-iDORCID Put Code
Harpprecht, CarinaCarina.Harpprecht (at) dlr.dehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2878-0139NICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Naegler, TobiasTobias.Naegler (at) dlr.dehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2390-1672NICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Steubing, Bernhardb.r.p.steubing (at) cml.leidenuniv.nlhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1307-6376NICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Tukker, Arnoldtukker (at) cml.leidenuniv.nlhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8229-2929NICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Simon, SonjaSonja.Simon (at) dlr.dehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2775-5457NICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Datum:20 Dezember 2022
Erschienen in:Journal of Cleaner Production
Referierte Publikation:Ja
Open Access:Ja
Gold Open Access:Nein
In SCOPUS:Ja
In ISI Web of Science:Ja
DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134846
Verlag:Elsevier
ISSN:0959-6526
Status:veröffentlicht
Stichwörter:Green iron and steel industry; CO2 emissions; Climate change mitigation; Carbon budget; Hydrogen direct reduction; Electrowinning
HGF - Forschungsbereich:Energie
HGF - Programm:Energiesystemdesign
HGF - Programmthema:Digitalisierung und Systemtechnologie
DLR - Schwerpunkt:Energie
DLR - Forschungsgebiet:E SY - Energiesystemtechnologie und -analyse
DLR - Teilgebiet (Projekt, Vorhaben):E - Energiesystemtechnologie
Standort: Stuttgart
Institute & Einrichtungen:Institut für Vernetzte Energiesysteme > Energiesystemanalyse
Hinterlegt von: Harpprecht, Carina
Hinterlegt am:02 Dez 2022 10:22
Letzte Änderung:02 Dez 2022 10:22

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