Hypergravity attenuates Reactivity in Primary Murine Astrocytes

Abstract

Neuronal activity is the key modulator of nearly every aspect of behavior, affecting cognition, learning and memory as well as motion. Alterations or even disruptions of the transmission of synaptic signals are the main cause of many neurological disorders. Lesions to nervous tissues are associated with phenotypic changes mediated by astrocytes becoming reactive. Reactive astrocytes form the basis of astrogliosis and glial scar formation. Astrocyte reactivity is often targeted to inhibit axon dystrophy and thus promote neuronal regeneration. Here, we use increased gravitational (mechanical) loading induced by hypergravity to identify a potential method to modify key features of astrocyte reactivity. We exposed primary murine astrocytes as a model system closely resembling the reactivity phenotype in vivo on custom-built centrifuges for cultivation as well as for livecell imaging under hypergravity conditions in a physiological range (2g and 10g). This resulted in significant changes to astrocyte morphology, behavior and reactivity phenotypes, with the ultimate goal being to enhance neuronal regeneration for novel therapeutic approaches.