The stable climate of KELT-9b

Jones, K. and Morris, B. M. and Demory, B. -O. and Heng, K. and Hooton, M. J. and Billot, N. and Ehrenreich, D. and Hoyer, S. and Simon, A. E. and Lendl, M. and Demangeon, O. D. S. and Sousa, S. G. and Bonfanti, A. and Wilson, T. G. and Salmon, S. and Csizmadia, Sz. and Parviainen, H. and Bruno, G. and Alibert, Y. and Alonso, R. and Anglada Escudé, G. and Bàrczy, T. and Barrado, D. and Barros, S. C. C. and Baumjohann, W. and Beck, M. and Beck, T. and Benz, W. and Bonfils, X. and Brandeker, A. and Broeg, C. and Cabrera, J. and Charnoz, S. and Collier Cameron, A. and Davies, M. B. and Deleuil, M. and Deline, A. and Delrez, L. and Erikson, A. and Fortier, A. and Fossati, L. and Fridlund, M. and Gandolfi, D. and Gillon, M. and Güdel, M. and Isaak, K. G. and Kiss, L. L. and Laskar, J. and Lecavelier des Etangs, A. and Lovis, C. and Magrin, D. and Maxted, P. F. L. and Nascimbeni, V. and Olofsson, G. and Ottensamer, R. and Pagano, I. and Palle, E. and Peter, G. and Piotto, G. and Pollacco, D. and Queloz, D. and Ragazzoni, R. and Rando, N. and Ratti, F. and Rauer, H. and Reimers, C. and Ribas, I. and Santos, N. C. and Scandariato, G. and Segransan, D. and Smith, Alexis M S and Steller, M. and Szabó, Gy. M. and Thomas, N. and Udry, S. and Van Grootel, V. and Walter, I. and Walton, N. A. and Wang Jungo, W. (2022) The stable climate of KELT-9b. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 666, A118. EDP Sciences. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243823. ISSN 0004-6361.

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Official URL: https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2022/10/aa43823-22/aa43823-22.html

Abstract

Even among the most irradiated gas giants, so-called ultra-hot Jupiters, KELT-9b stands out as the hottest planet thus far discovered with a dayside temperature of over 4500 K. At these extreme irradiation levels, we expect an increase in heat redistribution efficiency and a low Bond albedo owed to an extended atmosphere with molecular hydrogen dissociation occurring on the planetary dayside. We present new photometric observations of the KELT-9 system throughout 4 full orbits and 9 separate occultations obtained by the 30 cm space telescope CHEOPS. The CHEOPS bandpass, located at optical wavelengths, captures the peak of the thermal emission spectrum of KELT-9b. In this work we simultaneously analyse CHEOPS phase curves along with public phase curves from TESS and Spitzer to infer joint constraints on the phase curve variation, gravity-darkened transits, and occultation depth in three bandpasses, as well as derive 2D temperature maps of the atmosphere at three different depths. We find a day-night heat redistribution efficiency of ~0.3 which confirms expectations of enhanced energy transfer to the planetary nightside due to dissociation and recombination of molecular hydrogen. We also calculate a Bond albedo consistent with zero. We find no evidence of variability of the brightness temperature of the planet, excluding variability greater than 1%

Item URL in elib:

https://elib.dlr.de/189567/

Document Type:

Article

Title:

The stable climate of KELT-9b

Authors:

Authors	Institution or Email of Authors	Author's ORCID iD	ORCID Put Code
Jones, K.	Center for Space and Habitability, Gesellsschaftstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Morris, B. M.	Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Demory, B. -O.	Center for Space and Habitability, Gesellsschaftstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Heng, K.	Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Gesellschaftsstraße 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Hooton, M. J.	Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Billot, N.	Observatoire de Genève, University of Geneva, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Ehrenreich, D.	Observatoire de Genève, University of Geneva, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Hoyer, S.	Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, 38 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie, 13388 Marseille, France	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-2466	UNSPECIFIED
Simon, A. E.	Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Lendl, M.	Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, Chemin des Mailettes 51, 1290, Versoix, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Demangeon, O. D. S.	Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762, Porto, Portugal	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Sousa, S. G.	Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Bonfanti, A.	Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Wilson, T. G.	School of Physics and Astronomy, St. Andrews, UK	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8749-1962	UNSPECIFIED
Salmon, S.	STAR, Université de Liège, Belgium	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Csizmadia, Sz.	UNSPECIFIED	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6803-9698	UNSPECIFIED
Parviainen, H.	Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Bruno, G.	INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78,95123 Catania, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Alibert, Y.	Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern;Observatoire de Besançon, Institut UTINAM, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Alonso, R.	Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), Via Lactea s/n 38200, La Laguna, Spain	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Anglada Escudé, G.	Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, CanMagrans s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona,Spain	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Bàrczy, T.	Admatis, Miskolc, Hungary	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Barrado, D.	Departamento de Astrofisica, Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC), Campus ESAC (ESA)Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n 28692 Villanueva de la Canada, Spain	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Barros, S. C. C.	Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Baumjohann, W.	Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Beck, M.	Université de Genève, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Beck, T.	Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Gesellschaftsstraße 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Benz, W.	Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bern, CH	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Bonfils, X.	Université Grenoble Alpes, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Brandeker, A.	Department of Astronomy – Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Broeg, C.	Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Cabrera, J.	UNSPECIFIED	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6653-5487	UNSPECIFIED
Charnoz, S.	Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Collier Cameron, A.	SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, Fife KY16 9SS, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Davies, M. B.	Lund Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, 22100, Lund, Sweden	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Deleuil, M.	Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388, Marseille, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Deline, A.	Observatoire de Genève, University of Geneva, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Delrez, L.	Institut d Astrophysique et de Geophysique, Universite de Liege, Allee du 6 Aout, 17, Bat. B5C, Liege 1, Belgium	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Erikson, A.	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Fortier, A.	Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Fossati, L.	Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstrasse 6, 8042, Graz, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Fridlund, M.	Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Onsala Space Observatory, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-439 92, Onsala, Sweden; Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Gandolfi, D.	Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125, Torino, Italy	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8627-9628	UNSPECIFIED
Gillon, M.	Institut d’Astrophysique, Geophysique et Oceanographie, Universite de Liege, B-4000 Liege, Belgium	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Güdel, M.	Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna, Tuerkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Isaak, K. G.	ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk, Niederlande	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Kiss, L. L.	Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth, Budapest, Hungary	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Laskar, J.	IMCCE, UMR8028 CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Univ.,Sorbonne Univ., 77 av. Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Lecavelier des Etangs, A.	Institut d Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7095 & Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Paris 6, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Lovis, C.	Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, Chemin des Mailettes 51, 1290, Versoix, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Magrin, D.	INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Maxted, P. F. L.	Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Nascimbeni, V.	Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia, Universitá degli Studi di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 3, 35122 Padova, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Olofsson, G.	Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, Sweden	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Ottensamer, R.	University of Vienna, Department of Astrophysics, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Pagano, I.	INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S.Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Palle, E.	Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain \| Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Spain	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Peter, G.	UNSPECIFIED	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6101-2513	UNSPECIFIED
Piotto, G.	INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, vicolo dell Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Pollacco, D.	Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Queloz, D.	Cavendish Laboratory, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Ragazzoni, R.	INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Rando, N.	ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk, Niederlande	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Ratti, F.	ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk, Niederlande	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Rauer, H.	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Reimers, C.	Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna, Tuerkenschanzs-trasse 17, 1180 Vienna, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Ribas, I.	Institut de Ciencies de l Espai (CSIC-IEEC), Carrer de Can Magrans, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Santos, N. C.	Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Scandariato, G.	NAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Piazza del Parlamento 1, 90134 Palermo, Italy	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Segransan, D.	Observatoire de Geneve, Universite de Geneve, 51 Chemin des Maillettes, 1290 Sauverny, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Smith, Alexis M S	UNSPECIFIED	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2386-4341	UNSPECIFIED
Steller, M.	Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstrasse 6, 8042, Graz, Austria	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Szabó, Gy. M.	ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Gothard Astrophysical Observatory, 9700, Szombathely, Szent Imre h. u. 112, Hungary ; MTA-ELTE Exoplanet Research Group, 9700, Szombathely, Szent Imre h. u. 112, Hungary	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Thomas, N.	Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Gesellsschaftstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Udry, S.	Observatoire de Genève, Sauverny, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Van Grootel, V.	STAR, Université de Liège, Belgium	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Walter, I.	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Walton, N. A.	Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Wang Jungo, W.	Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED

Date:

2022

Journal or Publication Title:

Astronomy & Astrophysics

Refereed publication:

Yes

Open Access:

Yes

Gold Open Access:

In SCOPUS:

Yes

In ISI Web of Science:

Yes

Volume:

666

DOI:

10.1051/0004-6361/202243823

Page Range:

A118

Publisher:

EDP Sciences

ISSN:

0004-6361

Status:

Published

Keywords:

techniques: photometric, instrumentation: photometers, planets and satellites: atmospheres, planets and satellites: gaseous planets, eclipses, occultations, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics

HGF - Research field:

Aeronautics, Space and Transport

HGF - Program:

Space

HGF - Program Themes:

Space Exploration

DLR - Research area:

Raumfahrt

DLR - Program:

R EW - Space Exploration

DLR - Research theme (Project):

R - CHEOPS Science, R - Project CHEOPS

Location:

Berlin-Adlershof

Institutes and Institutions:

Institute of Planetary Research > Extrasolar Planets and Atmospheres
Institute of Planetary Research > Leitungsbereich PF
Institute of Optical Sensor Systems > Space Instruments

Deposited By:

Smith, Dr Alexis M S

Deposited On:

03 Nov 2022 10:39

Last Modified:

03 Nov 2022 10:39

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