The effect of simulated weightlessness on the Gut Microbiome of Healthy Individuals

Abstract

Space travelers always experience numerous factors, like microgravity, that affect their bodies and health. Since a great number of diseases are linked to the gut microbiome, it is crucial to investigate the changes and possible countermeasures against gut microbiome dysbiosis. This is not only important on earth but especially in space, due to the suppressed immune system space travelers often experience. The SANS Study (Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome), investigates the changes in microgravity. In campaign one, twelve Probands spent 30 days in the Head-Down-Tilt position, split into two groups of countermeasures. Next to the primary goal of investigating the effects of weightlessness on the ocular system, stool samples were taken at six time points to investigate the change in the gut microbiome. The samples were sequenced with Primer V3-V4, and Primer V1-V2, each with and without Zymo DNA/RNA Shield. Results were analyzed for differences in materials, and changes in microbial abundance with respect to different criteria. The results suggest a microbiome shift that is more or less severe, depending on the initial status of health. However, there is further need for research to be done, especially with respect to measures like pre-and probiotics to minimize shifts in the direction to dysbiosis.