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Proton Spectra for the Interplanetary Space Derived From Different Environmental Models

Klein, Erik Marten and Seefeldt, Patric and Sznajder, Maciej (2022) Proton Spectra for the Interplanetary Space Derived From Different Environmental Models. Frontiers in Space Technologies. Frontiers Media S.A.. doi: 10.3389/frspt.2022.933340. ISSN 2673-5075.

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Official URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frspt.2022.933340/full

Abstract

Knowledge about the space radiation environment is crucial for the design and selection of materials and components used for space applications. This environment is characterized not only by the Sun’s electromagnetic radiation but also by charged particles categorized into solar wind, solar energetic particles (SEP) and galactic cosmic rays (GCR). Especially for material engineering and qualification testing, differential and integral spectra for particle energies ranging from keVs to GeVs are required. Up to now, a wide variety of models is available, whereas it is difficult to keep the overview. Although, e.g., the European Cooperation for Space Standardization (ECSS) standard includes instructions on how to investigate particle radiation, it does not provide an overall view. This paper shall support those in need of a comprehensive overview and provide comprehensive information about proton radiation spectra that can potentially be of use for space engineering tasks ranging from mission analysis to material and component design as well as qualification testing. The publicly accessible platforms OLTARIS, SPENVIS, and OMERE were examined for available proton spectra to be used. Exemplary, the particle radiation of solar cycle 23 is considered, which comprehends the years 1996–2008. A common drawback of the available models is their restriction to the MeV-range. Particularly when materials are directly exposed to the space environment, low energetic particles, specifically, the keV-range, are of high interest, since these particle transfer all their energy to the material. Therefore, additional data sources were used in order to include the usually neglected low energy protons into the derived spectrum. The data was transferred to common set of units and eventually could be compared and merged together. This includes a comparison of the most common models, incorporating data foundation, applicability, and accessibility. As a result, extensive and continues spectra are fitted that take all different models with its different energies and fluxes into account. Each covered year is represented by a fitted spectrum including confidence level as applicable. For solar active and quite times spectra are provided.

Item URL in elib:https://elib.dlr.de/187928/
Document Type:Article
Title:Proton Spectra for the Interplanetary Space Derived From Different Environmental Models
Authors:
AuthorsInstitution or Email of AuthorsAuthor's ORCID iDORCID Put Code
Klein, Erik MartenUNSPECIFIEDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8539-8609UNSPECIFIED
Seefeldt, PatricUNSPECIFIEDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2067-9458UNSPECIFIED
Sznajder, MaciejUNSPECIFIEDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9917-0581UNSPECIFIED
Date:15 July 2022
Journal or Publication Title:Frontiers in Space Technologies
Refereed publication:Yes
Open Access:Yes
Gold Open Access:Yes
In SCOPUS:No
In ISI Web of Science:No
DOI:10.3389/frspt.2022.933340
Publisher:Frontiers Media S.A.
Series Name:Space Environment Characterization
ISSN:2673-5075
Status:Published
Keywords:interplanetary radiation, SEP, GCR, protons, qualification testing, material engineering, solar wind
HGF - Research field:Aeronautics, Space and Transport
HGF - Program:Space
HGF - Program Themes:Space System Technology
DLR - Research area:Raumfahrt
DLR - Program:R SY - Space System Technology
DLR - Research theme (Project):R - Mechanical and Thermal Systems
Location: Bremen
Institutes and Institutions:Institute of Space Systems > Mechanic and Thermal Systems
Deposited By: Klein, Erik Marten
Deposited On:18 Aug 2022 10:52
Last Modified:14 Mar 2023 11:37

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