Transit timings variations in the three-planet system: TOI-270

Kaye, Laurel and Vissapragada, Shreyas and Günther, Maximilian N. and Aigrain, Suzanne and Mikal-Evans, Thomas and Jensen, Eric L. N. and Parviainen, Hannu and Pozuelos, Francisco J. and Abe, Lyu and Acton, Jack S. and Agabi, Abdelkrim and Alves, Douglas R. and Anderson, David R. and Armstrong, David J. and Barkaoui, Khalid and Barragán, Oscar and Benneke, Björn and Boyd, Patricia T. and Brahm, Rafael and Bruni, Ivan and Bryant, Edward M. and Burleigh, Matthew R. and Casewell, Sarah L. and Ciardi, David and Cloutier, Ryan and Collins, Karen A. and Collins, Kevin I. and Conti, Dennis M. and Crossfield, Ian J. M. and Crouzet, Nicolas and Daylan, Tansu and Dragomir, Diana and Dransfield, Georgina and Fabrycky, Daniel and Fausnaugh, Michael and Fuűrész, Gábor and Gan, Tianjun and Gill, Samuel and Gillon, Michaël and Goad, Michael R. and Gorjian, Varoujan and Greklek-McKeon, Michael and Guerrero, Natalia and Guillot, Tristan and Jehin, Emmanuël and Jenkins, J. S. and Lendl, Monika and Kamler, Jacob and Kane, Stephen R. and Kielkopf, John F. and Kunimoto, Michelle and Marie-Sainte, Wenceslas and McCormac, James and Mékarnia, Djamel and Morales, Farisa Y. and Moyano, Maximiliano and Palle, Enric and Parmentier, Vivien and Relles, Howard M. and Schmider, François-Xavier and Schwarz, Richard P. and Seager, S. and Smith, Alexis M S and Tan, Thiam-Guan and Taylor, Jake and Triaud, Amaury H. M. J. and Twicken, Joseph D. and Udry, Stephane and Vines, J. I. and Wang, Gavin and Wheatley, Peter J. and Winn, Joshua N. (2022) Transit timings variations in the three-planet system: TOI-270. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 510 (4), pp. 5464-5485. Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stab3483. ISSN 0035-8711.

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Official URL: https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/510/4/5464/6454033

Abstract

We present ground- and space-based photometric observations of TOI-270 (L231-32), a system of three transiting planets consisting of one super-Earth and two sub-Neptunes discovered by TESS around a bright (K-mag = 8.25) M3V dwarf. The planets orbit near low-order mean-motion resonances (5:3 and 2:1) and are thus expected to exhibit large transit timing variations (TTVs). Following an extensive observing campaign using eight different observatories between 2018 and 2020, we now report a clear detection of TTVs for planets c and d, with amplitudes of ~10 min and a super-period of ~3 yr, as well as significantly refined estimates of the radii and mean orbital periods of all three planets. Dynamical modelling of the TTVs alone puts strong constraints on the mass ratio of planets c and d and on their eccentricities. When incorporating recently published constraints from radial velocity observations, we obtain masses of Mb=1.48±0.18M⊕, Mc=6.20±0.31M⊕, and Md=4.20±0.16M⊕ for planets b, c, and d, respectively. We also detect small but significant eccentricities for all three planets : eb = 0.0167 ± 0.0084, ec = 0.0044 ± 0.0006, and ed = 0.0066 ± 0.0020. Our findings imply an Earth-like rocky composition for the inner planet, and Earth-like cores with an additional He/H2O atmosphere for the outer two. TOI-270 is now one of the best constrained systems of small transiting planets, and it remains an excellent target for atmospheric characterization.

Item URL in elib:

https://elib.dlr.de/148717/

Document Type:

Article

Title:

Transit timings variations in the three-planet system: TOI-270

Authors:

Authors	Institution or Email of Authors	Author's ORCID iD	ORCID Put Code
Kaye, Laurel	Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Vissapragada, Shreyas	Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Günther, Maximilian N.	Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Juan Carlos Torres Fellow; Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Aigrain, Suzanne	Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Mikal-Evans, Thomas	Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Jensen, Eric L. N.	Department of Physics & Astronomy, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Parviainen, Hannu	Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Department Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Pozuelos, Francisco J.	Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, Université de Liège, 19C Allée du 6 Août, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Astrobiology Research Unit, Université de Liège, 19C Allée du 6 Août, B-4000 Liège, Belgium	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Abe, Lyu	Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, F-06304 Nice cedex 4, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Acton, Jack S.	School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Agabi, Abdelkrim	Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, F-06304 Nice cedex 4, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Alves, Douglas R.	Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Anderson, David R.	Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Armstrong, David J.	Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Barkaoui, Khalid	Astrobiology Research Unit, Université de Liège, 19C Allée du 6 Août, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Oukaimeden Observatory, High Energy Physics and Astrophysics Laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Barragán, Oscar	Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Benneke, Björn	Department of Physics and Institute for Research on Exoplanets, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Boyd, Patricia T.	Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Brahm, Rafael	Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Av. Diagonal las Torres 2640, Peñalolén, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute for Astrophysics, 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Bruni, Ivan	Concordia Station, IPEV/PNRA, Antarctica	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Bryant, Edward M.	Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Burleigh, Matthew R.	School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Casewell, Sarah L.	School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Ciardi, David	Caltech/IPAC-NASA Exoplanet Science Institute Pasadena, CA 91125, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Cloutier, Ryan	Banting Fellow; Center for Astrophysics \| Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Collins, Karen A.	George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Collins, Kevin I.	American Association of Variable Star Observers, 49 Bay State Road, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Conti, Dennis M.	American Association of Variable Star Observers, 49 Bay State Road, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Crossfield, Ian J. M.	Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Crouzet, Nicolas	European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, the Netherlands	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Daylan, Tansu	Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Kavli Fellow	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Dragomir, Diana	Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, 210 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Dransfield, Georgina	School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Fabrycky, Daniel	Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave Chicago, IL 60637, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Fausnaugh, Michael	Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Fuűrész, Gábor	Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Gan, Tianjun	Department of Astronomy and Tsinghua Centre for Astrophysics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Gill, Samuel	Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Gillon, Michaël	Astrobiology Research Unit, Université de Liège, 19C Allée du 6 Août, B-4000 Liège, Belgium	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Goad, Michael R.	School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Gorjian, Varoujan	Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Greklek-McKeon, Michael	Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Guerrero, Natalia	Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Guillot, Tristan	Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, F-06304 Nice cedex 4, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Jehin, Emmanuël	Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, Université de Liège, 19C Allée du 6 Août, B-4000 Liège, Belgium	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Jenkins, J. S.	Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile; Núcleo de Astronomía, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejército 441, Santiago, Chile	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Lendl, Monika	Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Chemin Pegasi CH-51, Versoix, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Kamler, Jacob	John F. Kennedy High School, 3000 Bellmore Avenue, Bellmore, NY 11710, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Kane, Stephen R.	Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Kielkopf, John F.	Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Kunimoto, Michelle	Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Marie-Sainte, Wenceslas	Concordia Station, IPEV/PNRA, Antarctica	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
McCormac, James	Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Mékarnia, Djamel	Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, F-06304 Nice cedex 4, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Morales, Farisa Y.	Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Moyano, Maximiliano	Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Católica del Norte, 1270709, Antofagasta, Chile	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Palle, Enric	Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Department Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Parmentier, Vivien	Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Relles, Howard M.	Center for Astrophysics \| Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Schmider, François-Xavier	Université Côte d'Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l'Observatoire, CS 34229, F-06304 Nice cedex 4, France	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Schwarz, Richard P.	Patashnick Voorheesville Observatory, Voorheesville, NY 12186, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Seager, S.	Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of A	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Smith, Alexis M S	UNSPECIFIED	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2386-4341	UNSPECIFIED
Tan, Thiam-Guan	Perth Exoplanet Survey Telescope, Perth, Western, WA 6076, Australia	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Taylor, Jake	Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.	School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Twicken, Joseph D.	SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Udry, Stephane	Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Chemin Pegasi CH-51, Versoix, Switzerland	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Vines, J. I.	Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Wang, Gavin	Tsinghua International School, Beijing 100084, China; Stanford Online High School, 415 Broadway Academy Hall, Floor 2, 8853, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Wheatley, Peter J.	Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Winn, Joshua N.	Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED

Date:

2022

Journal or Publication Title:

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Refereed publication:

Yes

Open Access:

Yes

Gold Open Access:

In SCOPUS:

Yes

In ISI Web of Science:

Yes

Volume:

510

DOI:

10.1093/mnras/stab3483

Page Range:

pp. 5464-5485

Publisher:

Oxford University Press

ISSN:

0035-8711

Status:

Published

Keywords:

planets and satellites: composition, planets and satellites: formation, planets and satellites: fundamental parameters

HGF - Research field:

Aeronautics, Space and Transport

HGF - Program:

Space

HGF - Program Themes:

Space Exploration

DLR - Research area:

Raumfahrt

DLR - Program:

R EW - Space Exploration

DLR - Research theme (Project):

R - Project PLATO - PMC and Science

Location:

Berlin-Adlershof

Institutes and Institutions:

Institute of Planetary Research > Extrasolar Planets and Atmospheres

Deposited By:

Smith, Dr Alexis M S

Deposited On:

22 Feb 2022 07:33

Last Modified:

08 Feb 2023 03:00

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