Understanding the Nature of Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Lithium Metal in Liquid Electrolytes: A Review on Growth, Properties, and Application Related Challenge

Abstract

A stable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) is of crucial essence for realization of lithium (Li) metal batteries. This article provides an overview of attempts undertaken to understand the nature of the natural SEI, including growth behavior at the open circuit potential and under cycling conditions as well as underlying causes of instabilities. Additionally, the influence of features such as morphology and composition of the SEI and electrolyte properties on the charge transport and transfer mechanism, resulting in distinct growth behavior and overall stability, is elaborated. Finally, it will be discussed how already at the fundamental stage of research, it is crucial to take into account the implications that progressing from coin-cell level to more realistic cell and cycling conditions has on SEI properties and stability.