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Coastal monitoring of sea state using airborne GNSS reflectometry

Moreno, Mario and Semmling, Maximilian and Stienne, Georges and Dalil, Wafa and Hoque, Mohammed Mainul and Wickert, Jens and Reboul, Serge (2021) Coastal monitoring of sea state using airborne GNSS reflectometry. In: IEEE GNSS+R 2021 Virtual Conference. IEEE GNSS+R 2021, 14-17 Sep 2021, Virtual Conference.

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Official URL: https://ieeegnssr2021.org/default.php

Abstract

Global Navigation Satellite Systems signals have shown excellent performance in applications such as geodesy and geophysics, timing, defense, meteorology, and many other areas. Most of these applications rely on the signals that directly reach the receivers. However, there is a portion of them that bounce off the Earth's surface before they reach the receiver from which properties of the reflecting surface can be derived by using the GNSS Reflectometry (GNSS-R) technique. The focus of this study is to investigate the possibility of using GNSS-R from low altitude airborne measurements to retrieve the phase, power, and Doppler shift of the reflected signal, and determine their sensitivity to sea state (surface roughness). The experiment consisted of multiple flights at an altitude of ~780m (a.m.s.l) along Opal Coast, between the cities of Calais and Boulogne-sur-Mer, France, from the 12th to the 19th of July 2019. The direct and reflected signals were received by a dual-polarized antenna linked to two independent front-end receivers, one for the Right-hand and one for the Left-hand circular polarized signals. The antenna was mounted on a gyrocopter and tilted ~43° with respect to the zenith direction. A software receiver is used to process the direct and reflected signals from the Right-hand polarization channel. The reflected signals are tracked aided by the signal path difference between the direct and reflected link retrieved from a specular reflection model. The resulting in-phase and quadrature components (at 50Hz) of the reflected re-tracked signals are analyzed in the spectral domain every minute to obtain the power, surface reflectivity, and relative Doppler shift. The sensitivity of the reflected signal with respect to the sea state is determined by correlating the estimates: Doppler shift standard deviation, and the reflectivity residual (Rres) (observed minus modeled reflectivity) with the significant wave height (SWH) and wind speed (WS). The latter two were obtained from the atmospheric, land and oceanic climate model, ERA5, provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Initial results have shown that at calm sea (SWH: 0.26m and WS: 2.9m/s), low elevation satellites (E<10°) present a Doppler spread of 0.02Hz, and high elevation events (E>30°) the Doppler spread is 1.29Hz. At a higher sea state (SWH: 0.55m and WS: 6.5m/s), Doppler spread increases to 0.71Hz and 4.90Hz for low and high elevation events, respectively. Besides, there is a relationship between the reflected signal estimates and the ancillary sea state parameters depending on the GNSS satellites' elevation. At low elevation events, Rres and WS present an anticorrelation coefficient of -0.73. On the other hand, Doppler spread and WS show a correlation coefficient of 0.94. At high elevations events, the correlation decreases (-0.12 and 0.60, respectively).

Item URL in elib:https://elib.dlr.de/144716/
Document Type:Conference or Workshop Item (Other)
Title:Coastal monitoring of sea state using airborne GNSS reflectometry
Authors:
AuthorsInstitution or Email of AuthorsAuthor's ORCID iDORCID Put Code
Moreno, MarioUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Semmling, MaximilianUNSPECIFIEDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5228-8072UNSPECIFIED
Stienne, GeorgesUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Dalil, WafaUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Hoque, Mohammed MainulUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Wickert, JensGeoForschungsZentrum Potsdamhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7379-5276UNSPECIFIED
Reboul, SergeLaboratoire d’Informatique, Signal et Image de la Côte d’OpaleUNSPECIFIEDUNSPECIFIED
Date:2021
Journal or Publication Title:IEEE GNSS+R 2021 Virtual Conference
Refereed publication:No
Open Access:Yes
Gold Open Access:No
In SCOPUS:No
In ISI Web of Science:No
Status:Published
Keywords:GNSS Reflectometry, sea state, Doppler spread
Event Title:IEEE GNSS+R 2021
Event Location:Virtual Conference
Event Type:international Conference
Event Dates:14-17 Sep 2021
Organizer:IEEE
HGF - Research field:Aeronautics, Space and Transport
HGF - Program:Space
HGF - Program Themes:Communication, Navigation, Quantum Technology
DLR - Research area:Raumfahrt
DLR - Program:R KNQ - Communication, Navigation, Quantum Technology
DLR - Research theme (Project):R - Ionosphere
Location: Neustrelitz
Institutes and Institutions:Institute for Solar-Terrestrial Physics > Space Weather Observation
Deposited By: Moreno Bulla, Mario Andres
Deposited On:15 Nov 2021 11:45
Last Modified:15 Nov 2021 11:45

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