Entwicklung eines Bewertungsschemas zur Abschätzung des Resilienzbeitrages eines Hybridregelkraftwerks auf übergeordnete Energiesysteme

Abstract

In the context of the energy transition, volatility as well as the degree of decentralization of the generator structure in the German energy system are increasing. This development goes hand in Hand with increasing digital networking, which leads to a sharp increase in complexity in the overall system. The resulting multitude of new challenges and potential dangers make the term resilience gain in importance and require a corresponding investigation of the energy system. A resilient energy System is characterized by the fact that relevant system services are not or only slightly affected and can be maintained when diverse disruptive events occur. An assessment of resilience is carried out in this thesis and a methodology is developed for this purpose. This methodology is applied to the Bremen energy system and aims to determine the contribution to the resilience of the system through a hybrid control power plant (HyReK). The HyReK consists of a stationary battery storage and an electric boiler, which enables the system to convert electricity into heat and thus enables the coupling of these two sectors. To determine the contribution to the systems resilience, the energy system to be examined is first modeled. In the context of Monte Carlo simulations, various disruptive events in the system are simulated and the effects on the essential system services through the HyReK are analyzed in various scenarios. The Python-based software toolbox Python for Power System Analysis (PyPSA) is applied for this purpose. The underlying model is the electricity grid optimization (eGo) model, which emerged from the research project Open_eGo and whose application is the result of the methodological discussion carried out in this thesis. The Monte Carlo simulations carried out show that the HyReK in the modeled energy system has a positive effect on the system service security of supply. The battery storage can prevent a failure of the energy supply, particularly in the event of abrupt disruptive events. It can also be shown that the additional redundancy in the heating network through the electric boiler increases the security of the heat supply. The possible contribution of the HyReK to resilience increases with increasing vulnerability of the system, which was simulated within this thesis by reducing the base load-capable coal-based generation. Disruptive events that cause higher costs in the modeled system can be compensated for with the increasing availability of regenerative generation through the resilience contribution of the HyReK. The methodology developed in this thesis can be transferred and applied to other energy systems and is characterized by the fact that the coupling of the electricity and heat sectors can be implemented in the model and thus the effects of components in terms of resilience in the system can be analyzed. Thus, unlike in the review papers by Gasser et al. (2019) and Jesse et al. (2019), the evaluation scheme is a way of evaluating a resilience contribution across energy systems.