Frings-Meuthen, Petra and Henkel, Sara and Boschmann, Michael and Chilibeck, Philip D. and Alvero-Cruz, José Ramón and Hoffmann, Fabian and Möstl, Stefan and Mittag, Uwe and Mulder, Edwin and Rittweger, Natia and Sies, Wolfram and Tanaka, Hirofumi and Rittweger, Jörn (2021) Resting Energy Expenditure of Master Athletes: Accuracy of Predictive Equations and Primary Determinants. Frontiers in Physiology, 12, p. 641455. Frontiers Media S.A. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.641455. ISSN 1664-042X.
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Official URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.641455/full
Abstract
Resting energy expenditure (REE) is determined mainly by fat-free mass (FFM). FFM depends also on daily physical activity. REE normally decreases with increased age due to decreases in FFM and physical activity. Measuring REE is essential for estimating total energy expenditure. As such, there are a number of different equations in use to predict REE. In recent years, an increasing number of older adults continue to participate in competitive sports creating the surge of master athletes. It is currently unclear if these equations developed primarily for the general population are also valid for highly active, older master athletes. Therefore, we tested the validity of six commonly-used equations for predicting REE in master athletes. In conjunction with the World Masters Athletic Championship in Malaga, Spain, we measured REE in 113 master athletes by indirect calorimetry. The most commonly used equations to predict REE [Harris & Benedict (H&B), World Health Organization (WHO), Müller (MÜL), Müller-FFM (MÜLFFM), Cunningham (CUN), and De Lorenzo (LOR)] were tested for their accuracies. The influences of age, sex, height, body weight, FFM, training hours per week, phase angle, ambient temperature, and athletic specialization on REE were determined. All estimated REEs for the general population differed significantly from the measured ones (H&B, WHO, MÜL, MÜL-FFM, CUN, all p < 0.005). The equation put forward by De Lorenzo provided the most accurate prediction of REE for master athletes, closely followed by FFM-based Cunningham’s equation. The accuracy of the remaining commonly-used prediction equations to estimate REE in master athletes are less accurate. Body weight (p < 0.001), FFM (p < 0.001), FM (p = 0.007), sex (p = 0.045) and interestingly temperature (p = 0.004) are the significant predictors of REE. We conclude that REE in master athletes is primarily determined by body composition and ambient temperature. Our study provides a first estimate of energy requirements for master athletes in order to cover adequately athletes’ energy and nutrient requirements to maintain their health status and physical performance.
Item URL in elib: | https://elib.dlr.de/142147/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Document Type: | Article | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Title: | Resting Energy Expenditure of Master Athletes: Accuracy of Predictive Equations and Primary Determinants | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Authors: |
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Date: | 22 March 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Frontiers in Physiology | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Refereed publication: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Open Access: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gold Open Access: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In SCOPUS: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In ISI Web of Science: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Volume: | 12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DOI: | 10.3389/fphys.2021.641455 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Page Range: | p. 641455 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Publisher: | Frontiers Media S.A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ISSN: | 1664-042X | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Status: | Published | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Keywords: | resting energy expenditure, master athletes, energy metabolism, predictive equation, body composition | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HGF - Research field: | Aeronautics, Space and Transport | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HGF - Program: | Space | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HGF - Program Themes: | Research under Space Conditions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DLR - Research area: | Raumfahrt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DLR - Program: | R FR - Research under Space Conditions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DLR - Research theme (Project): | R - Long-term effects of physical inactivity versus activity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Location: | Köln-Porz | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Institutes and Institutions: | Institute of Aerospace Medicine > Muscle and Bone Metabolism Institute of Aerospace Medicine > Cardiovascular Medicine in Aerospace Institute of Aerospace Medicine > Leitungsbereich ME | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposited By: | Arndt, Carina | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposited On: | 11 May 2021 11:36 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Last Modified: | 24 May 2022 23:47 |
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