It Takes Two Planets in Resonance to Tango around K2-146

Lam, K. W. F. and Korth, Judith and Masuda, Kento and Csizmadia, Szilard and Eigmüller, Philipp and Stefánsson, Gumundur Kári and Endl, Michael and Albrecht, Simon and Robertson, Paul and Luque, Rafael and Livingston, John H. and Hirano, Teruyuki and Sobrino, Roi Alonso and Barragan, Oscar and Cabrera Perez, Juan and Carleo, I. and Chaushev, Alexander and Cochran, William D. and Dai, Fei and De Leon, J. and Deeg, Hans J. and Erikson, Anders and Esposito, Massimiliano and Fridlund, Malcolm and Fukui, Akihiko and Gandolfi, Davide and Georgieva, Iskra and Cuesta, LucáGonzalez and Grziwa, Sascha and Guenther, Eike W. and Hatzes, Artie P. and Hidalgo, Diego and Hjorth, Maria and Kabath, Petr and Knudstrup, Emil and Lund, Mikkel N. and Mahadevan, Suvrath and Mathur, Savita and Rodriguez, Pilar Montañes and Murgas, F. and Narita, Norio and Nespral, David and Niraula, Prajwal and Palle, Enric and Pätzold, Martin and Persson, Carina M. and Prieto-Arranz, Jorge and Rauer, H and Redfield, Seth and Ribas, Ignasi and Skarka, Marek and Smith, Alexis M.~S. and Subjak, J. and Van Eylen, V. (2020) It Takes Two Planets in Resonance to Tango around K2-146. Astronomical Journal, 159 (3), p. 120. American Astronomical Society. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/ab66c9. ISSN 0004-6256.

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Official URL: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/ab66c9

Abstract

K2-146 is a cool, 0.358 M⊙ dwarf that was found to host a mini-Neptune with a 2.67 day period. The planet exhibited strong transit timing variations (TTVs) of greater than 30 minutes, indicative of the presence of an additional object in the system. Here we report the discovery of the previously undetected outer planet in the system, K2-146 c, using additional photometric data. K2-146 c was found to have a grazing transit geometry and a 3.97 day period. The outer planet was only significantly detected in the latter K2 campaigns presumably because of precession of its orbital plane. The TTVs of K2-146 b and c were measured using observations spanning a baseline of almost 1200 days. We found strong anti-correlation in the TTVs, suggesting the two planets are gravitationally interacting. Our TTV and transit model analyses revealed that K2-146 b has a radius of 2.25 ± 0.10 R⊕ and a mass of 5.6 ± 0.7 M⊕ , whereas K2-146 c has a radius of 2.59+1.81−0.39 R⊕ and a mass of 7.1 ± 0.9 M⊕ . The inner and outer planets likely have moderate eccentricities of e = 0.14 ± 0.07 and 0.16 ± 0.07, respectively. Long-term numerical integrations of the two-planet orbital solution show that it can be dynamically stable for at least 2 Myr. We show that the resonance angles of the planet pair are librating, which may be an indication that K2-146 b and c are in a 3:2 mean motion resonance. The orbital architecture of the system points to a possible convergent migration origin.

Item URL in elib:

https://elib.dlr.de/137510/

Document Type:

Article

Title:

It Takes Two Planets in Resonance to Tango around K2-146

Authors:

Authors	Institution or Email of Authors	Author's ORCID iD
Lam, K. W. F.	Zentrum fur Astronomie und Astrophysik, Technische Universitat Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany	UNSPECIFIED
Korth, Judith	Rheinisches Institut für Umweltforschung an der Universität zu Köln, Aachener Strasse 209, D-50931 Köln, Germany	UNSPECIFIED
Masuda, Kento	Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA	UNSPECIFIED
Csizmadia, Szilard	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Eigmüller, Philipp	UNSPECIFIED	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4096-0594
Stefánsson, Gumundur Kári	Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA	UNSPECIFIED
Endl, Michael	Department of Astronomy and McDonald Observatory, University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712, USA 0000-0002-7714-6310	UNSPECIFIED
Albrecht, Simon	Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Dep. of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark	UNSPECIFIED
Robertson, Paul	Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA	UNSPECIFIED
Luque, Rafael	Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, C/ Via Lactea s/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Spain; Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Spain	UNSPECIFIED
Livingston, John H.	Department of Astronomy, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan 0000-0002-4881-3620	UNSPECIFIED
Hirano, Teruyuki	Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan 0000-0003-3618-7535	UNSPECIFIED
Sobrino, Roi Alonso	Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias(IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain	UNSPECIFIED
Barragan, Oscar	Oxford Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK	UNSPECIFIED
Cabrera Perez, Juan	UNSPECIFIED	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6653-5487
Carleo, I.	Astronomy Department and Van Vleck Observatory, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, 06459, USA	UNSPECIFIED
Chaushev, Alexander	Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, TU Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, GermanyCenter for Astronomy and Astrophysics, TU Berlin, Germany	UNSPECIFIED
Cochran, William D.	Department of Astronomy and McDonald Observatory, University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712, USA 0000-0001-9662-3496	UNSPECIFIED
Dai, Fei	Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA	UNSPECIFIED
De Leon, J.	Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan	UNSPECIFIED
Deeg, Hans J.	Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, C/ Via Lactea s/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Spain ; Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Spain 0000-0003-0047-4241	UNSPECIFIED
Erikson, Anders	DLR Institut für Planetenforschung	UNSPECIFIED
Esposito, Massimiliano	Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenberg, Germany	UNSPECIFIED
Fridlund, Malcolm	Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, SE-439 92 Onsala, Sweden ; Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands 0000-0003-2180-9936	UNSPECIFIED
Fukui, Akihiko	Subaru Telescope Okayama Branch Office, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, NINS, 3037-5 Honjo, Kamogata, Asakuchi, Okayama 719-0232, Japan ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/ Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Spain	UNSPECIFIED
Gandolfi, Davide	Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, I-10125, Torino, Italy ); 0000-0001-8627-9628	UNSPECIFIED
Georgieva, Iskra	Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Onsala Space Observatory, SE-439 92 Onsala, Sweden	UNSPECIFIED
Cuesta, LucáGonzalez	Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias(IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain	UNSPECIFIED
Grziwa, Sascha	Rheinisches Institut fur Umweltforschung an der Universitat zu Koln, Aachener Strasse 209, D-50931 Koln, Germany 0000-0003-3370-4058	UNSPECIFIED
Guenther, Eike W.	Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenberg, Germany	UNSPECIFIED
Hatzes, Artie P.	Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenberg, Germany	UNSPECIFIED
Hidalgo, Diego	Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, C/ Via Lactea s/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Spain	UNSPECIFIED
Hjorth, Maria	Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Dep. of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark	UNSPECIFIED
Kabath, Petr	Astronomical Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Fricova 298, 25165, Ondrejov, Czech Republic 0000-0002-1623-5352	UNSPECIFIED
Knudstrup, Emil	Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Dep. of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark	UNSPECIFIED
Lund, Mikkel N.	Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Dep. of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark	UNSPECIFIED
Mahadevan, Suvrath	Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA	UNSPECIFIED
Mathur, Savita	Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, C/ Via Lactea s/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Spain; Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Spain	UNSPECIFIED
Rodriguez, Pilar Montañes	Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, C/ Via Lactea s/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Spain; Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Spain	UNSPECIFIED
Murgas, F.	Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain	UNSPECIFIED
Narita, Norio	Department of Astronomy, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, C/ Via Lactea s/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Spain; Astrobiology Center, NINS, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan ; Nation	UNSPECIFIED
Nespral, David	Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, C/ Via Lactea s/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Spain; Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Spain	UNSPECIFIED
Niraula, Prajwal	Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 0000-0002-8052-3893	UNSPECIFIED
Palle, Enric	Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, C/ Via Lactea s/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Spain; Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Spain	UNSPECIFIED
Pätzold, Martin	Rheinisches Institut fur Umweltforschung an der Universitat zu Köln, Aachener Strasse 209, D-50931 Koln, Germany	UNSPECIFIED
Persson, Carina M.	Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, SE-439 92 Onsala, Sweden	UNSPECIFIED
Prieto-Arranz, Jorge	Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, C/ Via Lactea s/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Spain; Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Spain	UNSPECIFIED
Rauer, H	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Redfield, Seth	Astronomy Department and Van Vleck Observatory, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA 0000-0003-3786-3486	UNSPECIFIED
Ribas, Ignasi	Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, C/ de Can Magrans s/n, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain ; Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), C/ Gran Capita 2-4, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain 0000-0002-6689-0312	UNSPECIFIED
Skarka, Marek	Astronomical Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Fricova 298, 25165, Ondrejov, Czech Republic; Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic 0000-0002-7602-0046	UNSPECIFIED
Smith, Alexis M.~S.	UNSPECIFIED	UNSPECIFIED
Subjak, J.	Astronomical Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Fricova 298, 25165, Ondrejov, Czech Republic; Astronomical Institute, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 2027/3, 12116, Prague, Czech Republic	UNSPECIFIED
Van Eylen, V.	Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London,Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK	UNSPECIFIED

Date:

March 2020

Journal or Publication Title:

Astronomical Journal

Refereed publication:

Yes

Open Access:

Gold Open Access:

In SCOPUS:

Yes

In ISI Web of Science:

Yes

Volume:

159

DOI:

10.3847/1538-3881/ab66c9

Page Range:

p. 120

Publisher:

American Astronomical Society

ISSN:

0004-6256

Status:

Published

Keywords:

Transit photometry Timing variationmethods Mini Neptunes Exoplanet systems Photometry Astrometric exoplanetdetection Transit timing variation method

HGF - Research field:

Aeronautics, Space and Transport

HGF - Program:

Space

HGF - Program Themes:

Space Exploration

DLR - Research area:

Raumfahrt

DLR - Program:

R EW - Space Exploration

DLR - Research theme (Project):

R - Project PLATO (old)

Location:

Berlin-Adlershof

Institutes and Institutions:

Institute of Planetary Research > Extrasolar Planets and Atmospheres
Institute of Planetary Research > Leitungsbereich PF

Deposited By:

Csizmadia, Szilard

Deposited On:

16 Nov 2020 13:38

Last Modified:

24 Nov 2020 10:43

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