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Determining the Pace and Magnitude of Lake Level Changes in Southern Ethiopia Over the Last 20,000 Years Using Lake Balance Modeling and SEBAL

Fischer, Markus und Markowska, Monika und Bachofer, Felix und Foerster, Verena und Asfawossen, Asrat und Zielhofer, Christoph und Trauth, Martin und Junginger, Annett (2020) Determining the Pace and Magnitude of Lake Level Changes in Southern Ethiopia Over the Last 20,000 Years Using Lake Balance Modeling and SEBAL. Frontiers in Earth Science, 8 (197), Seiten 1-21. Frontiers Media S.A.. doi: 10.3389/feart.2020.00197. ISSN 2296-6463.

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Offizielle URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2020.00197/full

Kurzfassung

The Ethiopian rift is known for its diverse landscape, ranging from arid and semi-arid savannahs to high and humid mountainous regions. Lacustrine sediments and paleo-shorelines indicate water availability fluctuated dramatically from deep fresh water lakes, to shallow highly alkaline lakes, to completely desiccated lakes. To investigate the role lakes have played through time as readily available water sources to humans, an enhanced knowledge of the pace, character and magnitude of these changes is essential. Hydro-balance models are used to calculate paleo-precipitation rates and the potential pace of lake level changes. However, previous models did not consider changes in hydrological connectivity during humid periods in the rift system, which may have led to an overestimation of paleo-precipitation rates. Here we present a comprehensive hydro-balance modeling approach that simulates multiple rift lakes from the southern Ethiopian Rift (lakes Abaya, Chamo, and paleo-lake Chew Bahir) simultaneously, considering their temporal hydrological connectivity during high stands of the African Humid Period (AHP, ~15–5 ka). We further used the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) to calculate the evaporation of paleo-lake Chew Bahir's catchment. We also considered the possibility of an additional rainy season during the AHP as previously suggested by numerous studies. The results suggest that an increase in precipitation of 20–30% throughout the southern Ethiopian Rift is necessary to fill paleo-lake Chew Bahir to its overflow level. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that paleo-lake Chew Bahir was highly dependent on the water supply from the upper lakes Abaya and Chamo and dries out within ~40 years if the hydrological connection is cut off and the precipitation amount decreases to present day conditions. Several of such rapid lake level fluctuations, from a freshwater to a saline lake, might have occurred during the termination of the AHP, when humid conditions were less stable. Fast changes in fresh water availability requires high adaptability for humans living in the area and might have exerted severe environmental stress on humans in a sub-generational timescale.

elib-URL des Eintrags:https://elib.dlr.de/135864/
Dokumentart:Zeitschriftenbeitrag
Titel:Determining the Pace and Magnitude of Lake Level Changes in Southern Ethiopia Over the Last 20,000 Years Using Lake Balance Modeling and SEBAL
Autoren:
AutorenInstitution oder E-Mail-AdresseAutoren-ORCID-iDORCID Put Code
Fischer, MarkusSenckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, S-HEPNICHT SPEZIFIZIERTNICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Markowska, MonikaDepartment of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University, TübingenNICHT SPEZIFIZIERTNICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Bachofer, FelixFelix.Bachofer (at) dlr.dehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6181-0187NICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Foerster, VerenaInstitute of Geography Education, University of CologneNICHT SPEZIFIZIERTNICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Asfawossen, AsratSchool of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaNICHT SPEZIFIZIERTNICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Zielhofer, ChristophInstitute of Geography, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, GermanyNICHT SPEZIFIZIERTNICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Trauth, MartinUniversity of Potsdam, Institute of Geosciences, Potsdam, GermanyNICHT SPEZIFIZIERTNICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Junginger, AnnettDepartment of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, GermanyNICHT SPEZIFIZIERTNICHT SPEZIFIZIERT
Datum:30 Juni 2020
Erschienen in:Frontiers in Earth Science
Referierte Publikation:Ja
Open Access:Ja
Gold Open Access:Ja
In SCOPUS:Ja
In ISI Web of Science:Ja
Band:8
DOI:10.3389/feart.2020.00197
Seitenbereich:Seiten 1-21
Verlag:Frontiers Media S.A.
ISSN:2296-6463
Status:veröffentlicht
Stichwörter:African humid period, precipitation changes, abrupt and gradual changes, Chew Bahir, Lake Abaya, Lake Chamo, human-environment interaction
HGF - Forschungsbereich:Luftfahrt, Raumfahrt und Verkehr
HGF - Programm:Raumfahrt
HGF - Programmthema:Erdbeobachtung
DLR - Schwerpunkt:Raumfahrt
DLR - Forschungsgebiet:R EO - Erdbeobachtung
DLR - Teilgebiet (Projekt, Vorhaben):R - Fernerkundung u. Geoforschung
Standort: Oberpfaffenhofen
Institute & Einrichtungen:Deutsches Fernerkundungsdatenzentrum > Dynamik der Landoberfläche
Hinterlegt von: Bachofer, Dr. Felix
Hinterlegt am:14 Sep 2020 10:14
Letzte Änderung:14 Sep 2020 10:14

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