Phobos Regolith Simulant for MMX Mission: Spectral Measurement for Remote Target Identification and Deconvolution System Training

Abstract

The two natural satellites of Mars, Phobos and Deimos are both important targets for scientific investigation. The JAXA mission Martian Moons eXplorer (MMX) is designed to explore Phobos and Deimos, with a launch date scheduled for 2024. The MMX spacecraft will observe both Martian moons and will land on one of them (Phobos, most likely), to collect a sample and bring it back to Earth. The designs of both the landing and sampling devices depend largely on the surface properties of the target body and on how its surface is reacting to an external action in the low gravity conditions of the target. The Landing Operation Working Team (LOWT) of MMX started analyzing previous observations and theoretical/experimental considerations to better understand the nature of Phobos surface material, developing a Phobos regolith simulant material for the MMX mission [1]. At the Institute for Planetary Research of the German aerospace Center (DLR) in Berlin we performed a spectral characterization of the Phobos regolith simulant. Those data will be used to train an Artificial Neural Network (NN) to produce a system that could rapidly classify data during the mission and for endmember decomposition.