Characteristics of ice nucleating particles in and around California winter storms

Abstract

A major component of California’s yearly precipitation comes from wintertime atmospheric river (AR) events which bring large amounts of moisture from the tropics up to the midlatitudes. Understanding these systems, specifically the effects of aerosol particles on precipitation associated with these storms, was a major focus of the 2015 Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Cloud Aerosol Precipitation Experiment (ACAPEX), which was part of the wintertime CalWater 2015 campaign. The measurement campaign provided sampling platforms on four aircraft, including the ARM Aerial Facility G-1, as well as the NOAA Ronald H.Brown research vessel and at a ground station in Bodega Bay, CA. Measurements of ice nucleating particles (INPs) were made with the Colorado State University (CSU) Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber (CFDC) aboard the G-1, and Aerosol filters were collected on the G-1, at the Bodega Bay site and on the Ronald H.Brown for post-processing via immersion freezing in the CSU Ice Spectrometer. Aerosol composition was measured aboard the G-1with the Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (ATOFMS). Here we present INP concentrati ons and aerosol chemical compositions during the course of the aircraft campaign. During the AR event, we found that marine aerosol was the main aerosol type and that marine INPs were dominant at cloud activation temperatures, which is in stark contrast to the dominance of dust INPs during the AR events in the CalWater 2011 campaign.