Jordan, Jens and Kurschat, Christine and Reuter, Hannes (2018) Arterial Hypertension : Diagnosis and treatment. Deutsches Ärzteblatt, 115 (33-34), pp. 557-568. Deutscher Aerzte-Verlag GmbH. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2018.0557. ISSN 0012-1207.
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Official URL: https://www.aerzteblatt.de/int/archive/article/199598
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Essential arterial hypertension is one of the main treatable cardiovascular risk factors. In Germany, approximately 13% of women and 18% of men have uncontrolled high blood pressure (≥ 140/90 mmHg). METHODS: This review is based on pertinent publications retrieved by a selective literature search in PubMed. RESULTS: Arterial hypertension is diagnosed when repeated measurements in a doctor's office yield values of 140/90 mmHg or higher. The diagnosis should be confirmed by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring or by home measurement. Further risk factors and end-organ damage should be considered as well. According to the current European guidelines, the target blood pressure for all patients, including those with diabetes mellitus or renal failure, is <140/90 mmHg. If the treatment is well tolerated, further lowering of blood pressure, with a defined lower limit, is recommended for most patients. The main non-pharmacological measures against high blood pressure are reduction of salt in the diet, avoidance of excessive alcohol consumption, smoking cessation, a balanced diet, physical exercise, and weight loss. The first-line drugs for arterial hypertension include long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers, and thiazide-like diuretics. Mineralocorticoid-receptor blockers are effective in patients whose blood pressure cannot be brought into acceptable range with first-line drugs. CONCLUSION: In most patients with essential hypertension, the blood pressure can be well controlled and the cardiovascular risk reduced through a combination of lifestyle interventions and first-line antihypertensive drugs.
Item URL in elib: | https://elib.dlr.de/125384/ | ||||||||||||||||
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Document Type: | Article | ||||||||||||||||
Title: | Arterial Hypertension : Diagnosis and treatment | ||||||||||||||||
Authors: |
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Date: | 20 August 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Deutsches Ärzteblatt | ||||||||||||||||
Refereed publication: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
Open Access: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
Gold Open Access: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||
In SCOPUS: | No | ||||||||||||||||
In ISI Web of Science: | No | ||||||||||||||||
Volume: | 115 | ||||||||||||||||
DOI: | 10.3238/arztebl.2018.0557 | ||||||||||||||||
Page Range: | pp. 557-568 | ||||||||||||||||
Publisher: | Deutscher Aerzte-Verlag GmbH | ||||||||||||||||
ISSN: | 0012-1207 | ||||||||||||||||
Status: | Published | ||||||||||||||||
Keywords: | arterial Hypertension; blood pressure; diet; nutrition; lifestyle interventions | ||||||||||||||||
HGF - Research field: | Aeronautics, Space and Transport | ||||||||||||||||
HGF - Program: | Space | ||||||||||||||||
HGF - Program Themes: | Research under Space Conditions | ||||||||||||||||
DLR - Research area: | Raumfahrt | ||||||||||||||||
DLR - Program: | R FR - Research under Space Conditions | ||||||||||||||||
DLR - Research theme (Project): | R - Vorhaben Systemphysiologie (old) | ||||||||||||||||
Location: | Köln-Porz | ||||||||||||||||
Institutes and Institutions: | Institute of Aerospace Medicine > Cardiovascular Medicine in Aerospace | ||||||||||||||||
Deposited By: | Becker, Christine | ||||||||||||||||
Deposited On: | 19 Dec 2018 09:54 | ||||||||||||||||
Last Modified: | 19 Jun 2023 08:22 |
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