Schwarz, Clemens and Bauknecht, Andre and Wolf, C. Christian and Coyle, Alexander and Raffel, Markus (2019) A Full-Scale Rotor-Wake Investigation of a Free-Flying Helicopter in Ground Effect Using BOS and PIV. In: Proceedings of the 75th Annual Forum and Technology Display, pp. 1-23. VFS 75th Annual Forum & Technology Display, 13.-16. Mai 2019, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Abstract
Measurements in the wake of a free-flying full-scale helicopter in ground effect were performed for both quasi-steady and unsteady maneuvering flights using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV), a time-resolved background-oriented Schlieren (BOS) setup, and an optical marker tracking technique. The systems were used in a complimentary way to both visualize blade tip vortices in a large portion of the rotor wake and to capture spatially resolved velocity data close to the ground. The high sensitivity of the BOS system enabled the detection of vortices up to an age of Psi = 630°. Different instability mechanisms as long-wave, short-wave, and pairing instabilities were observed with varying intensity for different flight conditions. A quantitative analysis of vortex locations showed a periodic variation resulting from interactions between consecutive vortices that led to vortex pairing. Characteristics of the wake outwash close to the ground were investigated by means of averaged velocity fields. Different patterns such as wall jet, recirculation, and ground vortex flow were quantitatively analyzed and found to be in good agreement with previous model helicopter experiments. The instantaneous velocity data was used to detect individual blade tip vortices with ages above 450° close to the ground and to extract vortex parameters. For a takeoff maneuver, both concentrated vortices and the formation of larger vortex structures due to bundling of several vortices were observed.
Item URL in elib: | https://elib.dlr.de/122566/ | ||||||||||||||||||
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Document Type: | Conference or Workshop Item (Speech) | ||||||||||||||||||
Title: | A Full-Scale Rotor-Wake Investigation of a Free-Flying Helicopter in Ground Effect Using BOS and PIV | ||||||||||||||||||
Authors: |
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Date: | May 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Proceedings of the 75th Annual Forum and Technology Display | ||||||||||||||||||
Refereed publication: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
Open Access: | No | ||||||||||||||||||
Gold Open Access: | No | ||||||||||||||||||
In SCOPUS: | Yes | ||||||||||||||||||
In ISI Web of Science: | No | ||||||||||||||||||
Page Range: | pp. 1-23 | ||||||||||||||||||
Series Name: | Conference Proceedings digital | ||||||||||||||||||
Status: | Published | ||||||||||||||||||
Keywords: | Full-Scale Helicopter, Particle-Image-Velocimetry (PIV), Background-Oriented Schlieren (BOS), Ground Effect, Free Flight Experiments, Blade-Tip Vortex | ||||||||||||||||||
Event Title: | VFS 75th Annual Forum & Technology Display | ||||||||||||||||||
Event Location: | Philadelphia, PA, USA | ||||||||||||||||||
Event Type: | international Conference | ||||||||||||||||||
Event Dates: | 13.-16. Mai 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
Organizer: | AHS - The Vertical Flight Society | ||||||||||||||||||
HGF - Research field: | Aeronautics, Space and Transport | ||||||||||||||||||
HGF - Program: | Aeronautics | ||||||||||||||||||
HGF - Program Themes: | rotorcraft | ||||||||||||||||||
DLR - Research area: | Aeronautics | ||||||||||||||||||
DLR - Program: | L RR - Rotorcraft Research | ||||||||||||||||||
DLR - Research theme (Project): | L - The Virtual Aerodynamic Rotorcraft (old) | ||||||||||||||||||
Location: | Göttingen | ||||||||||||||||||
Institutes and Institutions: | Institute for Aerodynamics and Flow Technology > Helicopter, GO | ||||||||||||||||||
Deposited By: | Winkels, Elisabeth | ||||||||||||||||||
Deposited On: | 07 Jun 2019 16:18 | ||||||||||||||||||
Last Modified: | 19 Sep 2019 13:32 |
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