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EXPOSE-R2: The Astrobiological ESA Mission on Board of the International Space Station

Rabbow, Elke und Rettberg, Petra und Parpart, André und Panitz, Corinna und Schulte, Wolfgang und Molter, Ferdinand und Jaramillo, Esther und Demets, René und Weiß, Peter und Willnecker, Rainer (2017) EXPOSE-R2: The Astrobiological ESA Mission on Board of the International Space Station. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, Seite 1533. Frontiers Media S.A.. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01533. ISSN 1664-302X.

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Offizielle URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01533

Kurzfassung

On July 23, 2014, the Progress cargo spacecraft 56P was launched from Baikonur to the International Space Station (ISS), carrying EXPOSE-R2, the third ESA (European Space Agency) EXPOSE facility, the second EXPOSE on the outside platform of the Russian Zvezda module, with four international astrobiological experiments into space. More than 600 biological samples of archaea, bacteria (as biofilms and in planktonic form), lichens, fungi, plant seeds, triops eggs, mosses and 150 samples of organic compounds were exposed to the harsh space environment and to parameters similar to those on the Mars surface. Radiation dosimeters distributed over the whole facility complemented the scientific payload. Three extravehicular activities later the chemical samples were returned to Earth on March 2, 2016, with Soyuz 44S, having spent 588 days in space. The biological samples arrived back later, on June 18, 2016, with 45S, after a total duration in space of 531 days. The exposure of the samples to Low Earth Orbit vacuum lasted for 531 days and was divided in two parts: protected against solar irradiation during the first 62 days, followed by exposure to solar radiation during the subsequent 469 days. In parallel to the space mission, a Mission Ground Reference (MGR) experiment with a flight identical Hardware and a complete flight identical set of samples was performed at the premises of DLR (German Aerospace Center) in Cologne by MUSC (Microgravity User Support Center), according to the mission data either downloaded from the ISS (temperature data, facility status, inner pressure status) or provided by RedShift Design and Engineering BVBA, Belgium (calculated ultra violet radiation fluence data). In this paper, the EXPOSE-R2 facility, the experimental samples, mission parameters, environmental parameters, and the overall mission and MGR sequences are described, building the background for the research papers of the individual experiments, their analysis and results.

elib-URL des Eintrags:https://elib.dlr.de/113952/
Dokumentart:Zeitschriftenbeitrag
Zusätzliche Informationen:Auch erschienen in: Olsson-Francis, K., Billi, D., Teske, A., de Vera, J.-P. P., eds. (2019). Habitability Beyond Earth. Lausanne: Frontiers Media. doi: 10.3389/978-2-88945-765-6
Titel:EXPOSE-R2: The Astrobiological ESA Mission on Board of the International Space Station
Autoren:
AutorenInstitution oder E-Mail-AdresseAutoren-ORCID-iD
Rabbow, Elke*Radiation Biology Department, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany; Elke.Rabbow (at) dlr.de.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9301-2021
Rettberg, Petraradiation biology department, institute of aerospace medicine, german aerospace center (dlr), cologne, germany; petra.rettberg (at) dlr.dehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4439-2395
Parpart, Andréradiation biology department, institute of aerospace medicine, german aerospace center (dlr), cologne, germany
Panitz, CorinnaInstitute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; corinna.panitz (at) dlr.dehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6740-761X
Schulte, WolfgangOHB System AG, Wessling, Germany
Molter, FerdinandOHB System AG, Wessling, Germany
Jaramillo, EstherRUAG Schweiz AG, RUAG Space, Zürich, Switzerland
Demets, RenéEuropean Space Research and Technology Centre, European Space Agency, Noordwijk, Netherlands
Weiß, PeterMicrogravity User Support Center, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
Willnecker, RainerMicrogravity User Support Center, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
*DLR corresponding author
Datum:2017
Erschienen in:Frontiers in Microbiology
Referierte Publikation:Ja
Open Access:Ja
Gold Open Access:Ja
In SCOPUS:Ja
In ISI Web of Science:Ja
Band:8
DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01533
Seitenbereich:Seite 1533
Herausgeber:
HerausgeberInstitution und/oder E-Mail-Adresse der HerausgeberHerausgeber-ORCID-iD
Teske, AndreasUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
Verlag:Frontiers Media S.A.
ISSN:1664-302X
Status:veröffentlicht
Stichwörter:astrobiology, ground simulation, survival, UV, vacuum, extra-terrestrial UV radiation, temperature, space missions
HGF - Forschungsbereich:Luftfahrt, Raumfahrt und Verkehr
HGF - Programm:Raumfahrt
HGF - Programmthema:Forschung unter Weltraumbedingungen
DLR - Schwerpunkt:Raumfahrt
DLR - Forschungsgebiet:R FR - Forschung unter Weltraumbedingungen
DLR - Teilgebiet (Projekt, Vorhaben):R - Vorhaben Strahlenbiologie (alt)
Standort: Köln-Porz
Institute & Einrichtungen:Institut für Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin > Strahlenbiologie
Raumflugbetrieb und Astronautentraining > Nutzerzentrum für Weltraumexperimente (MUSC)
Hinterlegt von: Kopp, Kerstin
Hinterlegt am:25 Sep 2017 13:53
Letzte Änderung:08 Nov 2023 15:17

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